In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Allah, The Most High, said:

إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى ٱلْأَنفُسُ

They follow but presumption and what their souls desire. [1]

The Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

“Leave that which makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt.” [2]

In an article published at Jerusalem Post on January 18, 2024, and updated the following day, the writer named a particular individual, and said that this person “also faces attacks from anti-Islamist actors who reject Salafi ideologies and based their disdain on his roles in several al-Qaeda offshoots”. [end of quote]

In this article, we are not going to address the conflict between that individual and his opponents, instead, our aim is to briefly clarify the term “Salafi/Salafiyyah”, and that linking either of them to the concept of ideology is a misconception. 

First, it is necessary to examine the definition of the term “ideology”. Whoever researches will find that ideology, is a form of social or political philosophy in which practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones- a system of “ideas” that aspires both to explain the world and to change it; or a set of “opinions” or “beliefs” of a group or an individual. It can also refer to a set of “political beliefs” or a set of ideas that characterise a particular culture. Capitalism, communism, socialism, and Marxism are ideologies. Furthermore, even if social scientists define ideology in a broader sense to include religious beliefs, the Salafi says that religious beliefs are subjected to scrutiny as to to whether they were initiated by an individual without precedence or that that they were from a previous Scripture but corrupted. The basis of determining what beliefs or religious rites are correct or incorrect are the sources of the final infallible revelation – the Qur’an and Sunnah – as understood and practiced by the companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.  

Second, every person with some knowledge of the infallible divine revelation- the Qur’an and Sunnah, as understood and implemented by the Sahabah – knows that the ideas of philosophy, theory, opinions, capitalism, communism, socialism, and Marxism originate from the inherently flawed nature of human thought. Thus, they are inherently debatable, with their inconsistencies and shortcomings clearly visible to everyone acquainted with them.

Third, as for “belief”, it may be either fabricated or innovated by individuals who stray from the teachings of the Prophets, or they may be rooted in the pure, infallible final revelation – the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Thus, when the word “belief” is mentioned without clarifying its foundation, it becomes ambiguous. This is why we scrutinise the language and terminology used by all intellectuals, and in particular more scrutiny is applied to the language and expressions of the well known anti-Islam ideologues, demagogues, journalists, or provocateurs when they seek to impose their flawed interpretations or judgments on the term ‘Salafi’ or ‘Salafiyyah’. 

The term ‘Salafi’ or ‘Salafiyyah’ can never be categorised as an ideology or a set of ideas, as these can be contested, debated, or labeled as right or wrong. Instead, Salafiyyah represents the path of infallible revelation—the Qur’an and Sunnah as understood and practiced by the companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Therefore, those who assert that ideology encompasses belief and then assess Salafiyyah by the same criteria as other beliefs either lack understanding of Salafiyyah and the path of a true Salafi, or have utilised ambiguous language – whether intentionally or unintentionally – that leads to an absurd and dangerous confusion. As it’s the norm in some cases with regards to writers who subscribe to different ideologies, they are genuinely confused about Salafiyyah and the path of a true Salafi, and perhaps Ohad is genuinely confused and misguided in this matter. Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: 

“The basis of Banee Adam’s misguidance is as a result of general terms and ambiguous meanings, especially if they come in contact with a confused mind, so how about when desires and misguided enthusiasm is added to that? Therefore, ask the One Who keeps the hearts steadfast [i.e. Allah] to keep your heart firm upon His Religion and not allow you to fall into this darkness. [3]

One of the core principles in Islam is the understanding that words or terms fall into two categories: those found in the Qur’an and Sunnah, which every believer is required to affirm, and those that are negated by Allah and His Messenger. The terms affirmed by Allah represent the truth, while those He has negated are also rejected as false, since Allah speaks only the truth and guides us along the right path. The terminology of Shariah is sacred, and it is essential for one to seek the accurate meanings intended by the Messenger to affirm what he affirmed and reject what he negated. It is our duty to believe in and testify to everything he has conveyed and to follow his commands. Regarding terms that do not appear in the Qur’an or Sunnah, and where the early scholars have not reached a consensus on their affirmation or negation, individuals are not obligated to side with those who affirm or deny them until their intended meanings are clarified. If the intended meaning aligns with the revelations and commands of the Messenger, it is accepted; if it contradicts his teachings, it is dismissed. [4]

Salafi ideology, or rather the notion of multiple Salafi ideologies, does not exist. What truly exists is Salafiyyah, a path rooted in the infallible teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah, as understood and practiced by the Prophet’s companions. Any deviation from this path—whether in creed/belief, worship, or methodology—cannot be considered part of Salafiyyah, regardless of the claims made by various groups, individuals, or the author of the article in question. While innovations in religion are linked to ideologies, opinions and ideas of men, Salafiyyah is anchored in infallible divine revelation as understood by the Prophet’s companions. Al-Allamah Salih Al-Fawzan, may Allah preserve him, said:

Salafiyyah is to follow the path of pious predecessors – the Sahabah, the Tabiin and the virtuous generations. Allah, The Most High, said:

وَٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُهَـٰجِرِينَ وَٱلۡأَنصَارِ وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُم بِـإِحۡسَـٰنٍ۬ رَّضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنۡہُمۡ وَرَضُواْ عَنۡهُ

And the first to embrace Islam of the Muhaajiroon (those who migrated from Makkah to Al-Madinah) and the Ansar (the citizens of Al-Madinah who helped and gave aid to the Muhaajiroon) and also those who followed them exactly (in Faith). Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well-pleased with Him. [at-Tawbah 100]

Allah, The Most High, said about the Sahabah:

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَـٰهَدُواْ بِأَمۡوَٲلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِہِمۡ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاوَواْ وَّنَصَرُوٓاْ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ بَعۡضُہُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٍ۬‌ۚ

Verily, those who believed, and emigrated and strove hard and fought with their property and their lives in the Cause of Allah as well as those who gave (them) asylum and help, – these are (all) allies to one another – up to His statement:

وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَـٰهَدُواْ مَعَكُمۡ فَأُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ مِنكُمۡ‌ۚ

And those who believed afterwards, and emigrated and strove hard along with you, (in the Cause of Allah) they are of you.

Allah, Glorified be He and free is He from all Imperfections, said in Surah Al-Hashar:

لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلۡمُهَـٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـٰرِهِمۡ وَأَمۡوَٲلِهِمۡ يَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلاً۬ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٲنً۬ا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۥۤ‌ۚ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقُونَ

وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلۡإِيمَـٰنَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ يُحِبُّونَ مَنۡ هَاجَرَ إِلَيۡہِمۡ

(And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking Bounties from Allah and to please Him. And helping Allaah (i.e. helping His religion) and His Messenger (Muhammad). Such are indeed the truthful (to what they say); And those who, before them, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and had adopted the Faith, love those who emigrated to them, up until the statement of the Most High:

 وَٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا وَلِإِخۡوَٲنِنَا ٱلَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِٱلۡإِيمَـٰنِ 

And those who came after them say: “Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in Faith.

The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “This ummah will split into seventy three sects; all of them will enter the fire except one. They said, ‘which is that (saved sects) O Messenger of Allah? He replied: ‘those who are upon that which I and my companions are upon today’”. [Footnote a] The Prophet said: “Adhere to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the rightly guided Khulafaa after me”.

Therefore, Salafiyyah is the methodology that has been obligated to us to follow and we are to abandon all other methodologies that are in opposition to it. The (people of Salafiyyah) are the saved sect- Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah, and they are the aided group till the Day of Judgement. May Allah include us amongst them.

However, ascription to this methodology requires knowledge of its fundamentals in order that the Muslim may adhere to it. [One is] required to have knowledge of the other methodologies that are in opposition to Salafiyyah in order to avoid them. Therefore, Salafiyyah upon the path of the pious predecessors has to be upon knowledge and clear sightedness. It is not enough for a person to ascribe himself to [Salafiyyah] while ignorant of it or being in opposition to it. For this reason, Allah said:

 وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُم بِـإِحۡسَـٰنٍ۬ 

And also those who followed them exactly (in Faith)].

They follow based on knowledge- neither fall into extremism nor negligence. They neither exaggerate nor fail to give the matter its right like those who ascribe themselves to the Madhabs of the four Imams whilst being in opposition to them in creed and worship. And like the one who ascribes himself to the methodology of the Salaf, yet he either declares the Muslims to be disbelievers or rebels against the Muslim rulers, or he follows other orientations towards extremism. This person is not a Salafi, rather he is named a khariji or a Mutazili. Or like the one who ascribes himself to the methodology of the Salaf, but utters the statements of the Murji’ah in the subject of Iman and Kufr. This is not Salafiyyah. Therefore, it is obligatory to pay attention to this matter and not to mix the Salafi methodology with the other methodologies that are in opposition to it, and then says, “All these methodologies are not from Islam”. This is reckless speech, an oppressive judgement and deception against the people. [5]

Finally, there is no such thing as a quietist or Jihadist categorisation of Salafiyyah or Salafis. Read here by Shaikh Abu Khadeejah- may Allah preserve him. https://abukhadeejah.com/a-response-to-western-academics-who-categorise-salafis-into-quietists-politicos-and-jihadists-and-why-this-is-a-false-categorisation/

It is therefore important that the author seeks knowledge before making statements. The sincere seeker of truth must refer to the following links: http://www.salafis.com/index.cfm

What is Salafism? Read about the most important aspects of Salafiyyah- By Shaikh Abu Khadeejah, may Allah preserve him. https://abukhadeejah.com/what-is-salafism-and-salafiyyah/

The Ideological Origins of Al-Qaeda: https://abukhadeejah.com/the-evils-of-modern-day-terrorism-and-its-roots-al-qaeda-isis-the-nusra-front-etc/

———————————————-

Footnote a:   https://salafidawahmanchester.com/2024/12/28/all-in-the-fire-except-one/

[1]https://www.thenoblequran.com/q/#/verse/53/23

[2]https://www.nawawis40hadith.com/nw/hadith/11/leaving-doubt

[3] An Excerpt from ‘As-Sawaa’iq Al-Mursalah Alal Jahmiyyah Wal Mu’attilah’ 3/927

[4] An Excerpt from ‘Al-Haqeeqatus Shar’iyyah Fee Tafseeril Qur’aan Al-A’dheem Was-Sunnatin Nabawiyyah’ page 17

[5] An Excerpt from Al-Bayaan Li-Akh’taa Badil Kuttab. 2/173-174