بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Brief Commentary – By Imam Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin – On The Hadith: “Whoever resembles a people is from them”.

The Shaikh: Among the (extracted) benefits from the narration of Ibn Umar is encouragement to resemble the righteous based on the statement of the Messenger: “Whoever resembles a people is from them.” This benefit extends to encouragement to follow the pious predecessors in worship, belief, methodology, and all aspects of life, so that an individual may be from what?

The student: From them.

The Shaikh: Is a person (considered to) resemble them in actions that are not performed as acts of worship, such as the manner of walking or dressing, or if it is stated that resembling them in attire means that an individual may wear what is customary worn by the people of his country, provided it is not prohibited?The answer is the second (statement), and due to this, we say: following custom in the manner of dress is Sunnah, provided it (such type of dress) is not prohibited.

One of the benefits of this hadith is the caution against resembling disbelievers or a warning against resembling the disbelievers due to the statement of the Messenger: “He is from them.”

Is this (resemblance deemed) hated or forbidden? What is correct is that it is forbidden, and that it is forbidden for a person to resemble the disbelievers. One of the benefits of this hadith is that whenever resemblance takes place, the ruling is established (forbidden), regardless of whether it (the act) is intentional or unintentional.

If someone were to say that he wears the clothing of the disbelievers (i.e. what is not allowed Islamically) but he does not intend to resemble them. We would say: but resemblance has indeed occurred. The place of one’s intention is the heart; we disapprove of him based on what he has manifested of resemblance. As for his relationship with his Creator, this is not for us to judge. This is because at present when some person is prohibited, he says: “I dont intend resemblance”. For instance, you find him styling his hair in a partucular manner that is known to be from (the unlawful) adornment of the disbelievers, so if you tell him about it and he said: “I don’t intend resemblance”, what do we say to him? We say: Resemblance has occurred; resemblance has taken place while intention remains a hidden matter that cannot be known (i.e. it’s hidden in your heart). The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, stated, “Whoever resembles a people is from them,” thus linking the ruling to the act of resembling.

Also, caution must be exercised with regards to following Ahlul Bidah because if you follow them, then indeed you’ve resembled them and are from them. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, “Every innovation (in religion) is a misguidance, and every misguidance leads to the Fire”. (1)

The Shaikh, may Allah have mercy upon him, also said: (This) refers to what makes one resemble them by engaging in specific practices associated with them. Resemblance can occur in beliefs, acts of worship, clothing, and customs. This hadith  is general, and when it is the case that it is applied generally, the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, “He is one of them” can be interpreted in light of other evidences. For instance, one who resembles a people in their beliefs is from them, as he believes what they believe (right or wrong)- whether related to acts of worship, belief in Allah’s Lorship, or His Names and Attributes. The one who resembles them in worship is from them, the one who resembles them in customs is from them, especially if the Shariah specifically prohibits such (action or thing). If an individual adopts the clothing of the disbelievers, resembling them in their clothing, wearing similar to what the disbelievers wear, we say: “He is from them”. The important thing to note is the resemblance and that is to engage in what is specifically associated with those being imitated. As for shared practices (i.e. which the Shariah has not forbidden), it does not constitute resemblance. [2]

Shaikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allāh have mercy upon him, said: “The resemblance and similarity in outward matters lead to a corresponding resemblance and similarity in concealed matters (in the heart), in a subtle and gradual manner. We have observed that Jews and Christians who live with Muslims tend to exhibit less disbelief than those who do not. On the other hand, Muslims who frequently engage with Jews and Christians tend to demonstrate a lower level of faith compared to others.” [3]

Shaikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “External  resemblance can lead to a form of affection and love, as well as internal allegiance; just as love that exists internally can lead to external similarity. This is a matter witnessed both through sensory perception and experience.” [4]

Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy upon  him, said, “The resemblance in outward appearance urges conformity in internal mannerisms, as demonstrated by religious texts, (sound) reasoning, and sensory perception. Therefore, the Shariah prohibits resemblance to  disbelievers, animals, devils, women (i.e. men who imitate women), and Bedouins (i.e. not to follow the un-Islamic manners and traits).” [5]

Imam Al-Albani, may Allāh have mercy upon him, stated: “One of the aspects of Islam’s perfection is its establishment of laws and divine regulations to help Muslims maintain their Islamic identity and avoid adopting the (un-Islamic) identities of other groups”. [6]

(1)https://www.alathar.net/home/esound/index.php?op=codevi&coid=32008 (paraphrased)

[2] Fath Dhil Jalaali Wal Ikraam 6/335

[3] Iqtida Sirat al-Mustaqim 1/548

[4] Iqtida Sirat al-Mustaqim 5/149

[5] Al-Furusiyyah 122

[6]https://youtu.be/iKlyiyjwyRw?si=YsflY1MMblo8c8hr