In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Shaikh Shamsuddeen Al-Afghaaniy, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:

Allah guided mankind through Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the manifest proofs given to him – guidance that surpassed the knowledge of those with great perception and could not be described by those who were well-versed in the art of description. Allah opened the hearts of the heedless, the ears of the deaf, and the eyes of the blind through this guidance. They were in a state of disharmony, harboured animosity toward one another, and adhered to perverse creeds before Allah united them under a single religion. Allah united their hearts, and as a result of this great blessing, they became true brothers in Islam. Following that, everything worshipped besides Allah, such as graves, trees, stones, and idols, ceased to exist, and all worship was established for Allah alone. [Footnote a]

People followed the true religion of Islamic monotheism and worshiped Allah alone, except for those whom Allah decreed would remain as polytheists, hypocrites, and adherents of the altered and distorted previous scriptures. The darkness of polytheism was dispelled, and the banner of Tawhid was raised in Arab and non-Arab lands. Allah’s Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] died while Islam was established and in authority, superseding all other ways of life and creeds. The Messenger’s rightly guided khulafaa [Footnote b] continued to follow the Messenger’s path until the two powerful and great nations at the time, Rome and Persia, ended up in humiliation, degradation, and fear after they had been in security, and thus Caesar was restricted and besieged, and Chosroes was subdued and destroyed.

When the enemies of Islam realised they couldn’t destroy the religion, they planted agents within it – those who pretended to be Muslims -to sow confusion, trials, and tribulations, and spread polytheism by exaggerating the status of the pious and exalting their graves. As a result, the Ummah was exposed to temptations by Abdullah Bin Saba’s plots, who claimed that Ali Ibn Abi Talib deserved to be worshipped. The Saba’iyyah were Abdullah Bin Sabah’s followers, who were later known as the Rawafid, Ismaliyyah, Nusayriyah, and others among the Batiniyyah. They worshiped the graves and their inhabitants and erected places of worship and shrines over them. As a result of these practices, they revived the (corrupt) practices of the Jews, Christians, and idol worshippers (i.e. those among them who abandoned the correct path of their Prophets). This is how grave worshippers’ practices manifested in this Ummah, through practices initiated by the Rawafid. [Footnote c]

Furthermore, Greek philosophical texts that promoted the concepts of grave worship and idolatry were translated into the Arabic language and gained significant attention among individuals identifying with Islam, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina Al-Hanafi, and Naseer At-Toosee, who advocated disbelief and polytheism, and those who sought to manipulate the teachings of Islam, akin to Paul’s manipulation of Christianity. The Greek Philosophers influenced and led them to advocate for grave worship through Greek Philosophy. The practices of these individuals were prevalent among the followers of rhetoric among the Hanafi Maturidiyyah and the Ash’ariyyah Kullabiyyah, as they immersed themselves in the works of the Philosophers. Consequently, they became proponents of grave worship and adhering to the Jahmiyyah creed. Among these individuals were Taftaazaanee Al-Hanafi, who was renowned as a philosopher of the Maturidiyyah and a follower of grave worship, and Jurjaanee Al-Hanafi, a proponent of superstitious beliefs. [Footnote d]

Another group of people arose within the Muslim community who posed an even greater threat and were more misguided than the aforementioned groups. These individuals adopted an outward appearance of piety, donning the attire of righteousness with tearful eyes, lengthy beards, towering turbans, and clutching large prayer beads. They deceitfully claimed to advocate for the teachings of the Prophet, while clandestinely engaging in despicable practices inherited from false religions. They attempted to mix blatant lies with the Qur’an and the authentic narrations to corrupt the clear proofs found in the Qur’an and the Sunnah. These deviant heretics are known as the Hululiyyah, Ittihadiyyah Grave Worshipers, such as the likes of Al-Hallaj (309AH), Ibn Al-Farid (632AH) Ibn Arabi (638AH), Ibn Sab’in (669AH), etc [Footnote e] [1]

Al-Allamah Rabee Bin Hadi Al-Mad’khali, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated:

Shaikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated that the ultimate outcome for those who engage in theological rhetoric is a state of uncertainty and perplexity, while the ultimate outcome for the followers of the Sufi paths is characterised by erratic and irrational behavior along with false claims. The innovators in religious matters among the proponents of theological rhetoric have something of a resemblance to the Jews and those who innovate acts of worship in religious matters have something of a resemblance to the Christians [i.e. those Jews and Christians who deviated after the departure of their Prophets]. That is because these ones [proponents of theological rhetoric] deny the truth and are led to doubt, and those ones [those who innovate acts of worship] believe in falsehood and are led to irrational behavior. These ones are like the darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed by a great wave topped by another great wave, topped by dark clouds, darkness, one above another; and those ones are like a mirage in a desert, the thirsty one thinking it’s water until he comes up to it and discovers it’s nothing. [2]

Al-Allamah Rabee Bin Hadi, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated:

Shaikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated that the people in their pursuit of knowledge and religion have two innovated paths and a path legislated in the Shari’ah. The path of Islamic legislation involves examining the teachings of the Messenger, utilising them as evidence, and implementing the necessary actions. Therefore, it is imperative to possess knowledge based on the teachings of the Messenger and to act upon them, and merely possessing one of these two is insufficient. As for the two innovated paths, one of them is the path of people who engage in innovated theological discourse and this path is fraught with falsehood. Many of its adherents neglect the obligations prescribed by Allah and His Messenger, leading them to remain in a state of corruption in knowledge and action. Consequently, these individuals deviate towards false Judaism. The second path is taken by people who adopt methods to enhance their spiritual well-being, namely the followers of the Sufi paths, who introduce new forms of worship. These individuals tend to deviate towards false Christianity as they claim that by purifying one’s soul according to their prescribed methods, one will effortlessly acquire extensive knowledge of religious sciences without learning. The worship practices of many of these people are innovated, rather, they contradict the teachings of the Messenger. As a result, they continue to engage in corrupt actions and corruption due to their lack of understanding of the Messenger’s teachings because they do not know what the Messenger conveyed. Neither Allah’s Messenger nor his companions followed the path of those who introduced innovations in religion, such as the proponents of theological rhetoric, nor the path of the proponents of innovated worship and Sufiyyah. Instead, he adhered to what Allah had sent him with, which is based on the Qur’an and Sunnah. [3]

Al-Allamah Rabee Bin Hadi Al-Madkhali, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated: Ibn Al-Jawzi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, Abu Al-Wafaa Ibn Aqeel Al-Faqee, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, our Shaikh Ab Al-Fadl Al-Hamdani, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, ”The individuals who innovate in Islam and the fabricators of Hadeeth are worse than the heretics, as the latter seeks to corrupt Islam externally, while the former aims to corrupt it internally. They (the former) are similar to the people of a country who attempt to corrupt it from within, while the heretics are similar to those who lay siege from outside, so, the ones from within open the fortress. Thus, they are more harmful to Islam than those who do not openly associate themselves with it”. [4]

Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “There is none more harmful to the people of Islam than the Jahmiyyah. They do not desire other than to nullify the Qur’an and the (authentic) narrations of the Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him]”. [5]

Al-Hafidh Abdul Ghaniyy Al-Maqdisi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, “(You) should know – may Allah have mercy upon you – that Islam and its people are undermined by three groups and the group that rejects the (authentic) narrations regarding the Attributes of Allah and belie its (reliable) narrators are more harmful to Islam and its people than the disbelievers”. [6]

Ibn Aqeel [may Allah have mercy upon him] said, “There is none more harmful to the Shariah than the innovators among the proponents of theological rhetoric and the ignorant Sufis”. [7]

Imam Ibn Al-Jawzi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “Exhortations are mostly employed when addressing the general public, particularly the common people, thus, the ignorant storytellers managed to find a way to achieve their objectives. Their innovations in the religion continued to escalate until it resulted in significant harm and they initiated evil through their deeds, statements, and goals”. [8]

Yunus Ibn Abdil A’laa, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: I heard Ash-Shafi’ee, may Allah have mercy upon him, saying, “It would be better for a man to be tempted by everything Allah has forbidden, except for the sin of associating partners with Allah in worship, rather than involving himself in theological rhetoric. This is because I have encountered certain matters from the proponents of theological rhetoric that I never expected to encounter”. [9]

Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated, “May Allah curse Amr Ibn Ubaid because indeed he initiated this innovation from theological rhetoric. If theological rhetoric was knowledge, the companions of the Messenger and the Taabi’een would have spoken about it just as they spoke about rulings and laws of the religion, however, it is falsehood and leads to falsehood”. [10.a]

An Example of a Misguided One Called Al-Jahiz Who Was Known to Read a Lot and Wrote Many Books, But Well-known For Jesting and Twiddling With The Religion

Ibn Qutaybah, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated about Al-Jaahiz: “You find him arguing at times for the Uthmaniyyah over the Rafidah, and sometimes for the Zaydiyyah over the Uthmaniyyah and Ahlus Sunnah, and sometimes he gave precedence to Ali,  may Allah be pleased with him, and sometimes he placed him behind others. He wrote a book in which he mentioned the arguments of the Christians against the Muslims, and when he embarked upon refuting them, he relinquished some of the proof as if he wanted to alert them to what they did not know and to cast doubt on the weak (people) among the Muslims, and you find him intending in his books to mock and twiddle. He mocked at hadith in a way that was not hidden from the scholars, while he was one of the Ummah’s greatest liars, fabricators of hadith, and the most supportive of falsehood”. [10.b]

Imam Adh-Dhahabi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said about Al-Jaahiz: “He was an insolent person, one who was very negligent in his practice of the religion and held strange views”. [10.c] “It was apparent from his traits that he used to fabricate”. [10.d] “He was from the figureheads of Bidah”. [10.e] Al-Baghdaadee, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, “Al-Jaahiz used to transmit a lot of innovated beliefs in his books”. [10.f] “Neither reliable nor trustworthy, rather, he was one of the figureheads of Bidah”. [10.g]

Al-Allamah Salih Al-Fawzan,  may Allah preserve him, stated:

It is not permissible to transmit false and fabricated narrations and then attribute them to the Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him]. That is because many amongst the people of misguidance and (vain) desires fabricate narrations, utilise them as proof, and declare them authentic when (such narrations) agree with their desires. But when the authentic narrations oppose their desires, either they belie or distort and explain them (in a manner other than what is intended by) their correct meanings. This is the state of affairs of the people of misguidance. They search for fabricated and false narrations, present them to the people, and utilise them as proof if it agrees with their desires. Also one of the characteristics of a hypocrite is that he lies when he speaks, therefore, do not speak to the people unless you are truthful (in what you say), and do not speak too much regarding the narrations in that which is no benefit out of fear of falling into lies. The Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] said, “It is enough (to be considered as) lying that a man speaks about everything that he hears”. [Saheeh Sunan Abee Dawud. Number 4992] [11]

Al-Allamah Salih Al-Fawzan, may Allah preserve him, stated:

Ahlul Ahwaa, such as the Mutazilah, the khawarij, the Rawafid, and others, are the ones responsible for causing the wars and discord. Fitnah (turmoil) only arises from them and is a result of them. Who was responsible for the assassination of Uthman? Who was behind the murder of Ali? Who were the ones that ignited turmoil among the Muslims thereafter? It was none other than these individuals driven by their desires. Who misled Al-Mamoon and those rulers who came after him to persecute Ahlus Sunnah, and ultimately led to the beating and imprisonment of their Imam – Ahmad Bin Hanbal? It was none else other than Ahlul Ahwaa! Who initiated the imprisonment of Shaikh Al-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah until he died in prison? It was none else other than Ahlul Ahwaa! It is our responsibility to exercise caution towards these people, as their fitnah ultimately results in the fragmentation of Muslim unity, rebellion against Muslim leaders, and splitting within the Muslim community, leading to the emergence of divergent groups and parties. This stands in stark contrast to the concept of a united Ummah. [12]

Al-Allamah Rabee Bin Haadee Al-Madkhali, may Allah have mercy upon him said:

After speaking about those who make Takfeer based on falsehood [f] amongst the different factions of the Jahmiyah [g], the Khawarij [h], the Rawafid and the Qadariyyah [i], and the reason behind such Takfeer, Shaikhul Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated:

“On the opposite side of these people who make Takfeer based on falsehood, there are people who do not know the creed of Ahlus Sunnah Wal-Jama’ah as it should be, or they know some and are ignorant of some. And perhaps what they know of it, they do not clarify for the people, rather they conceal it. Neither do they forbid Bidah nor censure ahlul bidah and punish them; rather, perhaps they would censure speech related to the Sunnah and the fundamental principles of the religion – completely – and would not differentiate – in that – between what Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah say [i.e. adherents to the sound Prophetic Sunnah and sound unity] and what ahlul bidah wal furqah say [i.e. the proponents of innovation in religious affairs who split (disunite due to their opposition to the correct path)], or they would affirm all their differing Madhabs [creeds, paths] in a manner similar to how the scholars would affirm the different opinions related to affairs of Ijtihaad about which difference of opinion is justified. [j] This path has overwhelmed many of the Murji’ah, some of the jurists, those pursuing the path of asceticism and the philosophers, just as it has overwhelmed – first and foremost – many amongst the people of (vain) desires and rhetoric. Both these paths are perverted, outside the Book [i.e. The Qur’an] and the Sunnah”. [End of Quote]

After quoting the above statement of Shaikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Allamah Rabee said, “I say, may Allah have mercy on Ibn Tamiyyah. Indeed, he clarified the situation of the people of his era and those before them, then what if he saw the situation of many amongst the Al-Jamaa’aat Al-Hizbiyyah Wal-Bid’iyyah [The Groups of Illegal Partisanship and Bidah] [k] who ascribe themselves to Ahlus Sunnah Wal-Jamaa’ah and take cover behind them – in particular – to promote their falsehoods! What if he saw them whilst they have definitely gathered between the Madhabs [creeds, paths] of the two groups- the khawaarij and those who follow their way in pronouncing Takfeer in the subject matter of Al-Haakimiyyah [l] and the way of the Mur’jiah [m] in the manner they approach the affair of people who are upon the big and numerous innovations in religious affairs, and equating innovation in religion to those affairs of the religion in which Ijtihaad is justified, whose people are rewarded alongside a refutation against their mistakes! In the view of these people, the leaders of Misguidance and Bidah are like the Imams of Guidance and Sunnah. [n] [13]

Finally, Shaikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said, “Rather what is obligatory is to clarify that which Allah sent His Messengers with and (revealed) in His Books, propagate that which the Messengers brought from Allah and fulfil the covenant which Allah took from the scholars. Therefore, it is obligatory to know that which the Messengers brought, believe in it, propagate it, call to it, striving with it, weigh up all that which the people embark upon – [statements, actions, religious fundamentals and subsidiary issues pertaining to the apparent actions of the Limbs and affairs related to actions of the heart]- under the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, neither following desires [through] customs, a school of law, a religious order, a leader or a predecessor, nor following conjecture through a weak hadeeth or corrupt analogy, regardless whether it is an analogy that offers some degree of certainty or not, or blindly following someone who it is not obligated to follow his statement and action because Allah -in His Book – has censured those who follow conjecture and that which their souls desire, whilst they abandon following that which came to them from their Lord of Guidance”. [14]

Allah, The Most High, said:

ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَٰهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَتْلُونَهُۥ حَقَّ تِلَاوَتِهِۦٓ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِۦ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْخَٰسِرُونَ

Those to whom We have given the Book (the Torah and the Qurʾān), recite it as it truly should be recited (through sincere, honest implementation of its teachings, without distorting them). They are the ones who (truly) believe in it. And whoever disbelieves in it, then they are the losers.

Imām al-Ṭabarī brings the following reports: Ibn ʿAbbās and ʿIkrimah: “They follow it as it truly should be followed.” Ibn ʿAbbās: “They accept as lawful what it makes lawful, accept as unlawful what it makes unlawful, and do not distort its words from their proper places.” Mujāhid: “They act upon it as it truly should be acted upon.” Ibn Masʿūd and Qatādah: “They treat as lawful what it makes lawful and treat as unlawful what it makes unlawful. They recite it as it was revealed by Allāh. They do not distort its words from their proper places and they do not explain anything of it with other than its (true) explanation.” Al-Ḥasan: “They act upon its decisive verses (muḥkam), believe in its ambiguous verses (mutashābih), and entrust the knowledge of what is difficult for them to its knower”. [15]

Footnote a: Allah [The Exalted] says:

وَٱعْتَصِمُوا۟ بِحَبْلِ ٱللَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا۟ وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُمْ أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِۦٓ إِخْوَٰنًا وَكُنتُمْ عَلَىٰ شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ ٱلنَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُم مِّنْهَا كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ

And hold fast, all of you together, to the Rope of Allah, and be not divided among yourselves, and remember Allah’s Favour on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His Grace, you became brethren (in Islamic Faith), and you were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. Thus Allah makes His Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.,) clear to you, that you may be guided. [Surah Al-Imran. Ayah 103]

Footnote b:

https://www.aqidah.com/creed/articles/kyvik-the-khilaafah-lasted-for-30-years-then-there-was-kingship.cfm#:~:text=The%20Prophetic%20khilaafah%20will%20last,Abu%20Dawud%20and%20al%2DHaakim

Footnote c:

http://www.shia.bs/index.cfm

The Devil’s Deception Of The Rafidah Shi’ah — Know Their Beliefs From Their Own Source References

Footnote d: Al-Faraabee: Al-Faraabee said that Philosophy is more perfect than Prophethood. Shaikhul Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah [may Allah have mercy upon him] said about him: ‘’Misguided; a disbeliever’’ Ibn Sinaa adopted his books and ideas of disbelief. [For further details concerning Al- Faraabee, See Majmoo Al-Fataawaa 2/67—86] [Dar At-Ta’aarud 1/10] [Ighaathatul Luhfaan 2/372-373] Ibn Sinaa: Imaam Ibnu Salaah (rahimahullaah) said about him: ‘’He was a devil amongst the human devils.’’ [See Fataawaa Ibn Salaah 1/209] [Also see: ‘Ar-Radd Alal Mantaqiyyeen’ of Shaikhul Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah 278-279] [‘Ighaathatul Luhfaan’ of Imaam Ibnul Qayyim 2/373-380] [Bidaayah Wan-Nihaayah’ of Imaam Ibn Katheer 12/43] Naasir At-Toosee: He was a magician and a minister of the Tartars. He rejected the ‘resurrection’. For further details, see: As-Sawaa-iq Al-Mursalah of Imaam Ibnul Qayyim (rahimahullaah) 2/790; 3/1077-1078] Followers of the Jahmi Abu Mansoor Al- Maatooreedi Al-Hanafi [For further details, see the Book of Shaikh Shamsud-deen al-Afghaanee titled: ‘Al-Maatooreediyyah’ 1/205—376]

Footnote e: Hulooliyyah and Ittihaadiyyah (i.e.Wahdatul Wujood); see link for further details:
http://www.salafitalk.net/st/viewmessages.cfm?Fo rum=8&Topic=3528
http://www.salafitalk.net/st/viewmessages.cfm?Fo rum=8&Topic=3528

Footnote f:What is Takfeer? Read here by Shaikh Abu Khadeejah: https://abukhadeejah.com/no-muslim-leaves-islam-unless-he-does-something-that-nullifies-it/

Footnote g:Who are the Jahmiyah? https://www.aqidah.com/creed/articles/xiyvh-the-first-deniers-of-allaahs-speech-a-chain-of-evil-narrators.cfm

Footnote h:https://abukhadeejah.com/isis-in-iraq-syria-ibn-kathir-died-774-ah-if-the-khawaarij-ever-gained-strength-in-iraq-and-syria-there-would-be-mass-killing/

Footnote i: Who are the Rawafid and Qadariyyah? https://abukhadeejah.com/the-devils-deception-of-the-raafidah-shiah/ http://www.aqidah.com/creed/articles/hxnhe-the-splitting-of-the-muslim-ummah-part-3.cfm

Footnote j: What is Ijtihaad: https://www.abukhadeejah.com/tolerated-differing-and-impermissible-differing-in-islaam/ ]

Amr bin Al-Aas [may Allah be pleased with him] narrated that he heard Allah’s Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] saying, ‘’If a Mujtahid gives a verdict according to the best of his knowledge and his verdict is correct, he will receive a double reward, and if he gives a verdict according to the best of his knowledge and his verdict is wrong, even then he will get a reward.’’ [Bukhari Number 7352]

Few Issues From This Hadeeth

[a] A Mujtahid (a scholar who strives to reach a judgement) is not deprived of reward. [b] The judgement of a non-Mujtahid is different from that of a Mujtahid. Shaikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said that the one who speaks about the religion without knowledge and out of ignorance [is guilty of] lying and sinning. The one who intentionally speaks to oppose the truth is threatened with entry into the fire of hell, as opposed to the affair of the one who speaks based on permissible Ijtihad, for indeed he strives, fears Allah as much as he is able, desires to seek knowledge as much as he was able, speaks for the sake of Allah, knows the stronger proof and speaks based on that. This person is given two rewards if he is correct; but if he is mistaken, he receives one reward. [c] A Mujtahid can be correct or mistaken. [Arba’oona Hadeethaa Fee Usoolil Fiqh. pages 32-33]

Al-Allaamah Rabee Bin Haadee said, “We do not say that there are people of ijtihaad amongst ahlul bidah because they are followers of desires, and Allaah and His Messenger have testified to this. The misguided innovator stirs up discord and errs, and then says to you, ‘This is ijtihaad’. When Hikmatiyaar and the misguided parties [in Afghanistan] murdered Shaikh Jameel Ur-Rahmaan, they said: ‘This is ijtihaad.’ They do not fall into an affair of misguidance or a calamity except that they say, “This is ijtihaad.” This is [tantamount] to diluting Islaam, falsehood, misguidance, bidah and confounding truth with falsehood, when the mistakes of the [true and qualified scholars of ijtihaad]- for which they are rewarded- are placed at the same level with innovation, about which the Messenger [peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him] declared to be a path that will lead to the hell fire”. [Ajwibatul Allaamatush Shaikh Rabee Bin Haadee Al Madkhalee Alaa As-ilah Abee Rawaaha Al-Manhajiyyah. page 20]

Footnote k:What is Hizbiyyah – illegal partisanship:

https://salafidawahmanchester.com/2015/03/a-precise-definition-of-hizbiyyah-by-shaikh-rabee-may-allaah-preserve-him/ ]

https://salafidawahmanchester.com/2019/01/what-is-the-meaning-of-hizbiyyah-and-what-is-the-ruling-upon-it-shaykh-ubaid-al-jaabiree/

Footnote l: What is Al-Haakimiyyah?
http://www.salafipublications.com/sps/sp.cfm?secID=MNJ&subsecID=MNJ07&loadpage=displaysubsection.cfm

Footnote m: Who are the Murji’ah?
http://www.sahihalbukhari.com/sps/sp.cfm?secID=GSC&subsecID=GSC05&loadpage=displaysubsection.cfm

Footnote n: Read this article by Shaikh Abu Iyaadh: http://www.themadkhalis.com/md/series/the-false-comparison-between-hadith-giants-ibn-hajar-an-nawawi-and-20th-century-ignoramuses.cfm

[1] An Excerpt from “Juhoodu Ulamaa Al-Hanafiyyah Fee Ibtaal Aqaa-id Al-Qubooriyyeen” 1/19-25. slightly paraphrased

[2] An Excerpt from “Al-Mukhtaaraat Al-Bahiyyah Min Kutub Shaikhil Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah”. Page 281. slightly paraphrased

[3] Al-Mukhtaaraat Al-Bahiyyah Min Kutub Shaikhil Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah. 290-291. Slightly paraphrased

[4] An Excerpt from “Al-Mahajjah Al-Baydaa Fee Himaayati As-Sunnati Al-Gharraa’i Min Zallaati Alhlil Akh’taa Wa Zayghi Ahlil Ahwaa”. page 47

[5] Tabaqaat Al-Hanaabilah 1/47

[6] Al-Iqtisaad Fil I’tiqaad page 223

[7] As-Sawaa-iq Al-Mursalah Alal Jahmiyyah Wal Mu’attilah 4/1346

[8]كتاب القصاص والمذكرين- page 290

[9] Aqeedah Ash-Shaafi’ee. Page 86

[10.a] Dhammul Kalaam – by Al-Harwee 5/73

[10.b] An Excerpt from “Ta’weel Mukhtalif Al-Hadeeith”. pages 71-73

[10.c] Siyar A’laam An-Nubulaa 11/527]

[10.d] Siyar A’laam An-Nubulaa 11/528]

[10.e] Al-Meezaan Al-I’tidaal 3/247]

[10.f] Al-Farqu Baynal Firaq page 175-178]

[10.g] Al-Meezaan al-itidaal 3/247

[11] An Excerpt from ‘It’haaf At-Tullaab Bi-Sharhi Mandhoomah Al-Aadaab’ page 103

[12] https://salafidawahmanchester.com/2016/02/02/reminder-ahlul-ahwaa-i-e-the-people-of-bidah-are-the-ones-who-start-the-wars/

[13] An Excerpt from “Al-Mahajjatul Baydaa Fee Himaayatis Sunnatil Gharraa Min Zallaati Ahlil Akhtaa’i Wa Zayghi Ahlil Ahwaa” 117-118]

[14] Majmoo Al-Fataawaa 12/467-468

[15 https://www.thenoblequran.com/q/#/search/2_121 Shaikh Abu Iyaad, may Allah preserve him.