In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ۬ فِى مَسۡكَنِهِمۡ ءَايَةٌ۬ ۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٍ۬ وَشِمَالٍ۬ۖ كُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۚ ۥ بَلۡدَةٌ۬ طَيِّبَةٌ۬ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ۬
فَأَعۡرَضُواْ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡہِمۡ سَيۡلَ ٱلۡعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلۡنَـٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيۡہِمۡ جَنَّتَيۡنِ ذَوَاتَىۡ أُڪُلٍ خَمۡطٍ۬ وَأَثۡلٍ۬ وَشَىۡءٍ۬ مِّن سِدۡرٍ۬ قَلِيلٍ۬
ذَٲلِكَ جَزَيۡنَـٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ وَهَلۡ نُجَـٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ
وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَہُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلۡقُرَى ٱلَّتِى بَـٰرَڪۡنَا فِيہَا قُرً۬ى ظَـٰهِرَةً۬ وَقَدَّرۡنَا فِيہَا ٱلسَّيۡرَۖ سِيرُواْ فِيہَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ
فَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا بَـٰعِدۡ بَيۡنَ أَسۡفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَہُمۡ فَجَعَلۡنَـٰهُمۡ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقۡنَـٰهُمۡ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٲلِكَ لَأَيَـٰتٍ۬ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ۬ شَكُورٍ۬
Indeed there was for Saba’ a sign in their dwelling place, – two gardens on the right hand and on the left (and it was said to them) “Eat of the provision of your Lord, and be grateful to Him, a fair land and an Oft-Forgiving Lord. But they turned away (from the obedience of Allah), so We sent against them Sail Al-‘Arim (flood released from the dam), and We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote-trees. Like this We requited them because they were ungrateful disbelievers. And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful, (disbelievers). And We placed between them and the towns which We had blessed, towns easy to be seen, and We made the stages (of journey) between them easy (saying): “Travel in them safely both by night and day.” But they said: “Our Lord! Make the stages between our journey longer,” and they wronged themselves, so We made them as tales (in the land), and We dispersed them all, totally. Verily, in this are indeed signs for every steadfast grateful (person).
Imam As-Sadi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:
Saba was a well-known tribe close to Yemen and their dwelling place was a township called Marib. One of the blessings Allah has bestowed upon the people – in general- and His kindness to them, and to the Arabs in particular, is that in the Qur’an, He narrated the news regarding those who were destroyed and punished, who lived close to the Arabs and they saw its Aathar [i.e. its signs, outcomes], and the people transmitted its news, so that it became easier to (affirm) its truthfulness and closer (to the hearts and minds) as an admonition.
Allah said:
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ۬ فِى مَسۡكَنِهِمۡ ءَايَةٌ۬
Indeed there was for Saba’ a sign in their dwelling place.
Meaning: The place they lived.
[The word ‘Sign’ in this statement] are the blessings Allah bestowed and averted calamities from them, which necessitated that they worship Allah alone and thank Him. Then Allah [clarified and explained what] this sign was, saying:
جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٍ۬ وَشِمَالٍ۬
“two gardens on the right hand and on the left”..
They used to have a huge valley to which fell abundant rainfall. They built a robust dam that gathered the water -gathered abundant water over there, so they distributed it to their orchards situated on the right and left of the valley. The two big gardens brought forth for them Thimaar [fruits and other produce from trees, plants] sufficient for them, which (made them live in a) state of bliss and happiness. Thus, Allah commanded them to thank Him for bestowing upon them His blessings which He facilitated for them in numerous ways as follows:
The two gardens from which came most of their nourishments, Allah made their dwelling place good- its air was good, it had very little pollution and the land brought provision continuously. Allah promised them that if they are grateful to Him, He will forgive and show them mercy, thus, Allah said: [بَلۡدَةٌ۬ طَيِّبَةٌ۬ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ۬ – a fair land and an Oft-Forgiving Lord.]
Because Allah knew their need for trade and earnings in the blessed land- and what is apparent is that it was the surrounding towns of Sana as stated by more than one of the Salaf, and it was stated that the blessed land was Sham [Syria], Allah facilitated for them the means through which they got there with great ease, safely and without fear, and to the adjacent towns between them and that blessed land. They encountered no difficulty in carrying provisions and merchandise. Allah said: [وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَہُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلۡقُرَى ٱلَّتِى بَـٰرَڪۡنَا فِيہَا قُرً۬ى ظَـٰهِرَةً۬ وَقَدَّرۡنَا فِيہَا ٱلسَّيۡرَۖ – And We placed between them and the towns which We had blessed, towns easy to be seen, and We made the stages (of journey) between them easy.] – Meaning: Distances they were acquainted with and make (good plans for their journeys), so that they did not get lost on their way.
[سِيرُواْ فِيہَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ – Travel in them safely both by night and day.] – Meaning: With tranquillity during those nights and days, without fear.
This was one of Allah’s perfect blessings which He bestowed upon them by protecting them from fear. However, they turned away from the One Who bestowed those blessings upon them- turned away from worshipping Him alone, thankless for the blessings bestowed upon them and became unconcerned, until they asked and wished that the distance of their journeys between those towns should be made longer.
وَظَلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَہُمۡ
And they wronged themselves.
Meaning: Due to their disbelief in Allah and being ungrateful to Him for the blessings He bestowed on them, Allah punished them, took (the blessings) away and sent them Sail Al-Arim [a wild flood] that destroyed their dam, gardens and orchards. Thus, those gardens that had amazing verdant plots and trees that bore fruits were substituted with trees that had no benefit. And because of this, Allah said: [وَبَدَّلۡنَـٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيۡہِمۡ جَنَّتَيۡنِ ذَوَاتَىۡ أُڪُلٍ خَمۡطٍ۬ وَأَثۡلٍ۬ وَشَىۡءٍ۬ مِّن سِدۡرٍ۬ قَلِيلٍ۬ – And We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote-trees.] – Meaning: Brought little food that was not enough to suffice them. All these trees are well known and was a just recompense for their evil deeds. (1)
The Dam of Ma’rib
The story of the dam is about the water that used to come to them from between two mountains, combined with water from rain falls and their valleys. Their kings built a huge- strong dam- and the water reached a high level between the two mountains. They planted trees and got the best fruits that could ever be harvested, plentiful and beautiful. A number of the Salaf, including Qatadah mentioned that a woman would walk beneath the trees, carrying a basket or vessel – such as is used to gather fruit – on her head, and that fruit would fall from the trees and fill the basket without any need for her to make the effort to pick the fruit, because they were plentiful and ripe.
This was the dam of Marib, (situated) on a land that was a distance of three days journey from San’a. Others said that there were no flies, mosquitos or fleas, or any kind of vermin on their land – the weather was good and the people were healthy, and Allah took care of them so they that they worship Him alone. Some – including Ibn Abbas, Wahb Bin Munabbih, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak – said that when Allah wanted to punish them by sending the flood upon them, he sent animals from the earth to the dam, large rats which made a hole in it. (2) Wahb Bin Munabbih said, “They found written in their scriptures that the dam would be destroyed because of these large rats. So they brought cats for a while, but when the decree came to pass, the rats overwhelmed the cats and went into the dam, making a hole in it, and it collapsed”. (3) Qatadah and others said, “The large rat is the desert rat. They gnawed at the bottom of the dam until it became weak, then the time of the floods came and the waters rushed through the bottom of the valley and destroyed everything in their path- buildings, trees etc!” (4)
Therefore, just as they substituted beautiful thankfulness with ugly ingratitude, those blessings were substituted with the things that have been mentioned. Allah said: [ذَٲلِكَ جَزَيۡنَـٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ وَهَلۡ نُجَـٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ – Like this We requited them because they were ungrateful disbelievers. And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful, (disbelievers).] -Meaning: We do not recompense with this punishment, except to those who disbelieve in Allah and are thankless for His blessings.
After what befell them, they scattered and split, even though aforetime they were together. Allah made them a story by which others spoke about them – stories people narrated at night, and people used to mention them in the parable, “They scattered like Saba”. Everyone used to speak about what happened to them. However, none learns a lesson regarding their affair, except those about whom Allah said: [إِنَّ فِى ذَٲلِكَ لَأَيَـٰتٍ۬ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ۬ شَكُورٍ۬ – Verily, in this are indeed signs for every steadfast grateful (person).]- Meaning: Those who are patient when facing hardship and extreme difficulties, who persevere for the Sake of Allah, grateful to Allah for His blessings, affirm and acknowledge such blessings, praise the One who bestowed it upon them and utilise them in obedience to Allah. When this type of person hears their story, their behaviour and what happened to them, he knows that the punishment was a recompense for their ungratefulness, and that whoever commits the likes of that which they did will be treated in the same way. And that being grateful to Allah for His blessings is a safeguard for those blessing and it repels punishment; and that Allah’s Messengers spoke the truth regarding what they informed the people and that recompense is true, as its examples are seen in this worldly abode. (5)
Imam Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:
It [i.e. Saba] was an Arab tribe named after a grandfather of theirs – a man with many children. It has been reported in a hadith that his children were ten in number- six stayed in Yemen and four in Sham [Syria]. Then they spread in the earth and became numerous.
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍ۬ فِى مَسۡكَنِهِمۡ ءَايَةٌ۬
Indeed there was for Saba’ a sign in their dwelling place: [مَسۡكَنِ – Maskan- is where a person lives with tranquillity, such as houses, groves, orchards etc.] [ءَايَةٌ۬ – Ayah] is a sign that shows something. The sign [i.e. the one mentioned in this verse] demonstrates Allah’s All-Encompassing Power, His blessings and [Perfect] Wisdom.
[جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٍ۬ وَشِمَالٍ۬ – two gardens on the right hand and on the left.] – Meaning: Gardens filled with trees. And when situated on the right and the left, it possess a marvellous and attractive sight. They were a chain of gardens on the right and left.
[كُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۚ – (and it was said to them) “Eat of the provision of your Lord, and be grateful to Him.] – Meaning: That which Allah has provided for you in the land of Saba.
Allah placed numerous good in these two gardens and benefiting from them was very easy.
[وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۚ- And thank Him (i.e. Allah).] – Meaning: This is what was sought from them, and thankfulness is connected to the heart, the tongue and the limbs- to acknowledge that those blessings are from Allah, praise Allah for them and perform acts of obedience with your limbs, until you fulfil the obligation of thankfulness in the manner sought from you.
Thank Allah for the blessings He has bestowed on you in the land of Saba. [بَلۡدَةٌ۬ طَيِّبَةٌ۬ – a fair land (i.e. Saba)]. This land had no predators, mosquitoes, flies, fleas, scorpions, snakes etc. A stranger would go past the land and the lice on his clothes would die due to the good air [or weather condition].
[وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ۬ – an Oft-Forgiving Lord.] – Meaning: Allah is the Forgiving Lord – the forgiver of sins. Allah granted them these two blessings: the blessing of a good dwelling place, and the blessing of forgiveness, safety from sins and its punishment in the afterlife; and the good land is a means of safety against evils in the worldly life.
This great Ayah shows Allah’s All-Encompassing Power and His Perfect Wisdom in relation to the story of Saba in general, that they were blessed in their dwelling places, orchards, castles and other than that. But when they turned away, the situation changed. In this is a lesson and a sign from many different angles – a sign that demonstrates Allah’s All-Encompassing Power to the one who disobeys Him, a lesson for one who obeys Him, and a sign that shows His [Perfect] Wisdom.
Contemplate this verse and you’ll find the different and various signs in it! It is a sign that shows Allah’s All-Encompassing Power because He created for them those mighty orchards, and then substituted it with something else that was not equal to them in anything. This shows the [Perfect] Wisdom of Allah when He bestowed that good upon them- when they were [obedient, submissive etc] to Him, and then took it away from them when they turned away – turned away from worshipping Him due to pride. This is a sign to take a lesson from by the people who disobey Allah, because in it is a warning that the cessation of Allah’s blessings is due to their sins. It is a sign for those who obey Allah when they take a lesson from it, that as long as they obey Allah, His blessings will be sent to them. Those gardens brought forth its food in abundance and many other ways, as Allah said to them: [كُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِ رَبِّكُمۡ – Eat of the provision of your Lord].
It is obligatory to be grateful to Allah because Allah said [وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۚ – and be grateful to Him.]
Sound intellect obligates gratitude just as it is obligated by the divine revelation. As for its obligation in the Shariah, the verses of the Qur’an commanding it are numerous. As for its obligation as [recognised] by sound intellect, this is because sound intellect necessitates that whoever does good for you, you should thank him. The one who is not thankful to Allah will not be thankful to the people – Meaning: everyone sees that it is wrong when a person does good to you, but you shun him and you do not thank him. All of us know that this is wrong and it is obligatory that you are thankful.
Also, this shows that the lands are divided into two- good and bad, because Allah said: [بَلۡدَةٌ۬ طَيِّبَةٌ۬ – a fair land]. And what type of good is in this land; is it the terrain [i.e. physical features], its air [or weather, climate] or its fruits? Answer: It includes all these three things. Allah said:
وَٱلۡبَلَدُ ٱلطَّيِّبُ يَخۡرُجُ نَبَاتُهُ ۥ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِۦۖ وَٱلَّذِى خَبُثَ لَا يَخۡرُجُ إِلَّا نَكِدً۬اۚ ڪَذَٲلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ ٱلۡأَيَـٰتِ لِقَوۡمٍ۬ يَشۡكُرُونَ
The vegetation of a good land comes forth (easily) by the Permission of its Lord, and that which is bad, brings forth nothing but a little with difficulty. Thus do We explain variously the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) for a people who give thanks. [Al-A’raaf. 58]
Affirmation of Allah’s Lordship and His forgiveness, which is found in the statement:
[وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌ۬ – an Oft-Forgiving Lord].
فَأَعۡرَضُواْ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡہِمۡ سَيۡلَ ٱلۡعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلۡنَـٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيۡہِمۡ جَنَّتَيۡنِ ذَوَاتَىۡ أُڪُلٍ خَمۡطٍ۬ وَأَثۡلٍ۬ وَشَىۡءٍ۬ مِّن سِدۡرٍ۬ قَلِيلٍ۬
But they turned away, so We sent against them Sail Al-‘Arim (flood released from the dam), and We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote-trees]. [Saba. 16]
[فَأَعۡرَضُواْ – But they turned away]- Meaning: They turned away and disbelieved.
فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡہِمۡ سَيۡلَ ٱلۡعَرِمِ
So We sent against them Sail Al-‘Arim (flood released from the dam)..
Meaning: Because they turned away, We sent them the flood. This flood drowned their gardens and wealth. This is Allah’s way in dealing with His creation [i.e. the disobedient ones amongst mankind and jinn], just as Allah said [in another verse]:
وَضَرَبَ ٱللَّهُ مَثَلاً۬ قَرۡيَةً۬ ڪَانَتۡ ءَامِنَةً۬ مُّطۡمَٮِٕنَّةً۬ يَأۡتِيهَا رِزۡقُهَا رَغَدً۬ا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ۬ فَڪَفَرَتۡ بِأَنۡعُمِ ٱللَّهِ فَأَذَٲقَهَا ٱللَّهُ لِبَاسَ ٱلۡجُوعِ وَٱلۡخَوۡفِ بِمَا ڪَانُواْ يَصۡنَعُونَ
And Allah puts forward the example of a township (Makkah), that dwelt secure and well content; its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the Favours of Allah (with ungratefulness). So Allah made it taste the extreme of hunger (famine) and fear, because of that (evil, i.e. denying Prophet Muhammad) which they (its people) used to do. [An-Nahl. 112]
وَبَدَّلۡنَـٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيۡہِمۡ جَنَّتَيۡنِ ذَوَاتَىۡ أُڪُلٍ خَمۡطٍ۬ وَأَثۡلٍ۬ وَشَىۡءٍ۬ مِّن سِدۡرٍ۬ قَلِيلٍ۬
And We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote-trees.
Meaning: The two previous gardens that had good fruits from which they ate and benefited through trade and other than that.
In summary: When these people turned away and were not thankful to Allah, He sent the flood, thus their wealth was drowned and buildings destroyed. Their two gardens were replaced with two other gardens that were neither equal nor could they be compared to that which they had before.
Benefits Derived From This Noble Verse:
A clarification of the situation of these people- that they replaced the blessings of Allah with disbelief, even though it was incumbent upon them to be thankful to Allah and obey Him after they were given those blessings, but they turned away.
Punishment against those who turn away [from obedience to Allah] is based on that which Allah’s Perfect Wisdom necessitates. And indeed Allah has stated in another verse: [فَكُلاًّ أَخَذۡنَا بِذَنۢبِهِ- So We punished each (of them) for his sins]. Punishment is always given in a manner that fits the deed [i.e. the crime]. Therefore, when these people became ungrateful and disbelieved due to those gardens [given to them], they were replaced with bad gardens.
An affirmation of the ‘Reason or Cause’ that can be derived from the verse: [فَأَعۡرَضُواْ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا – But they turned away, so We sent against them (i.e. the flood released from the dam)]. Allah sent them [the flood] due to their turning away.
Sins are a reason for the cessation of blessings, because Allah said: [فَأَعۡرَضُواْ فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا – But they turned away, so We sent against them (i.e. the flood released from the dam)]. They were in a state of bliss prior to that, but when they turned away Allah sent them this destructive flood. This has many other testimonies in the Qur’an, and from them is the statement of Allah:
وَضَرَبَ ٱللَّهُ مَثَلاً۬ قَرۡيَةً۬ ڪَانَتۡ ءَامِنَةً۬ مُّطۡمَٮِٕنَّةً۬ يَأۡتِيهَا رِزۡقُهَا رَغَدً۬ا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ۬ فَڪَفَرَتۡ بِأَنۡعُمِ ٱللَّهِ فَأَذَٲقَهَا ٱللَّهُ لِبَاسَ ٱلۡجُوعِ وَٱلۡخَوۡفِ بِمَا ڪَانُواْ يَصۡنَعُونَ
And Allah puts forward the example of a township (Makkah), that dwelt secure and well content; its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the Favours of Allah (with ungratefulness). So Allah made it taste the extreme of hunger (famine) and fear, because of that (evil, i.e. denying Prophet Muhammad) which they (its people) used to do]. [An-Nahl. 112]
Allah said:
وَلَوۡ أَنَّ أَهۡلَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱتَّقَوۡاْ لَفَتَحۡنَا عَلَيۡہِم بَرَكَـٰتٍ۬ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَـٰكِن كَذَّبُواْ فَأَخَذۡنَـٰهُم بِمَا ڪَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ
أَفَأَمِنَ أَهۡلُ ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ أَن يَأۡتِيَہُم بَأۡسُنَا بَيَـٰتً۬ا وَهُمۡ نَآٮِٕمُونَ
أَوَأَمِنَ أَهۡلُ ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ أَن يَأۡتِيَهُم بَأۡسُنَا ضُحً۬ى وَهُمۡ يَلۡعَبُونَ
أَفَأَمِنُواْ مَڪۡرَ ٱللَّهِۚ فَلَا يَأۡمَنُ مَڪۡرَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلۡقَوۡمُ ٱلۡخَـٰسِرُونَ
And if the people of the towns had believed and had the Taqwa (piety), certainly, We should have opened for them blessings from the heaven and the earth, but they belied (the Messengers). So We took them (with punishment) for what they used to earn (polytheism and crimes, etc.). Did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our Punishment by night while they are asleep? Or, did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our Punishment in the forenoon while they play? Did they then feel secure against the Plan of Allah. None feels secure from the Plan of Allah except the people who are the losers. [Al-A’raaf. 96-99]
Rain is blessing and mercy, but it can be a source of vengeance and punishment, because Allah said: [سَيۡلَ ٱلۡعَرِمِ – Flood released from the dam]. Sail in origin is the gathering of rainwater until it begins to flow. Its origin is good, just as Allah said:
أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّا نَسُوقُ ٱلۡمَآءَ إِلَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ٱلۡجُرُزِ فَنُخۡرِجُ بِهِۦ زَرۡعً۬ا تَأۡڪُلُ مِنۡهُ أَنۡعَـٰمُهُمۡ وَأَنفُسُہُمۡۖ أَفَلَا يُبۡصِرُونَ
Have they not seen how We drive water (rain clouds) to the dry land without any vegetation, and therewith bring forth crops providing food for their cattle and themselves? Will they not then see?] [As-Sajdah. 27]
This [i.e. rainwater] is good, but sometimes it is a means of punishment.
A clarification of the misguidance of those people who when afflicted with the likes of these calamities, such as floods and its like, it does not have an effect on them and they would say, “This is something that occurs naturally [i.e. it has no connection to the decree of a Creator nor is it due to sins etc]”. Indeed, these floods that cause destruction are nothing else but punishment from Allaah by way of which those punished are put to trial and those upon their way are deterred.
A clarification of Allah’s All-Encompassing Power, because He sent them those floods which drowned their fruits and vegetation. And after [the destruction of those fruits and vegetation], bitter bad fruit, tamarisks and some few lote-trees grew [to replace them]. It was not lote-trees [i.e. in their abundance], rather it was few lote-trees, and their gigantic gardens were replaced with it.
The Perfect Wisdom of Allah in that He replaced those two gardens with another two gardens, because obedience to Allah is light [i.e. guidance], uprightness and success, and it is appropriately recompensed with Allah’s [Favours, Blessings etc]. Sinning is darkness [i.e. misguidance] and corruption, so it is appropriately connected to that bad replacement [i.e. the gigantic gardens that produced abundant good fruits were replaced with gardens that bore few fruits and were bitter].
ذَٲلِكَ جَزَيۡنَـٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ وَهَلۡ نُجَـٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ
Like this We requited them (i.e. the people of Saba) due to their disbelief. And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful, (disbelievers).
ذَٲلِكَ جَزَيۡنَـٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ
Like this We requited them due to their disbelief.
Meaning: Due to their disbelief, We recompense them with this recompense by drowning their wealth, destroyed their buildings and replaced their two gardens [i.e. the two gigantic, amazing and fruitful gardens] with two other gardens [i.e. the ones that produce bitter fruits].
وَهَلۡ نُجَـٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ
And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful, (disbelievers).
From The Benefits of This Verse:
Proof [to show that] Allah does not recompense anyone with punishment except due to his deeds, as Allah said: [بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ – Due to their disbelief]
An establishment of the Asbaab [Cause or Reason behind this punishment] because the Baa in this statement is Sababiyyah [i.e. the Baa attached to a word to show us the reason or cause behind something]
The difference between the words [يَجْزِى -Yaj’zee and [يُجَازِى – Yu’jaa’zee. In this verse Allah said: [وَهَلۡ نُجَـٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ- Like this We requited them due to their disbelief].
[نَجْزِى] refers to good recompense and [نُجَازِى] refers to punishment, and this is what some of the scholars say. So, when referring to good, we say [جَزَى ] and when referring to evil, we say [جَازَى ] (6)
[1] An Excerpt from Tafseer As-Sadi. Slightly paraphrased]
[2] at-Tabari 20/378-380
[3] at-Tabari 20/381
[4] at-Tabari 20/381
[5] An Excerpt from Tafseer As-Sadi. Slightly paraphrased
[6] An Excerpt from Tafseer Surah Saba. Pages 126-137 by Imam Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin.
