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Pardon and Retaliation


In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

فَكَرَمُ الخُلُقِ هو : أنْ يَتَسَامَحَ في موضع التَّسَامُحِ، وَيَأْخُذَ بالعَزْمِ في موضع العزيمة…
ولهذا جاء الدين الإسلامي وسَطًا بينَ التَّسَامُحِ الذي تَضِيعُ به الحقُوقُ، وبين العَزِيمَةِ التي قَدْ تَحْمِلُ على الجَوْرِ ، فنضرب لذلك مَثَلًا بالقَصَاصِ، وهو قَتْلُ
النَّفْسِ بالنَّفْسِ.
وقد انقسمت شرائع بني إسرائيل في القَصَاصِ إِلى قِسْمَيْنِ: قِسْمِ أَوْجَبَ القَتْلَ ولا خيار لأولياء المَقْتُولِ فيه، وهي شَرِيعَةُ التوراة، لأن شريعة التَّوراة تميل
إلى الغِلْظَةِ والشِّدَّةِ.
وقسم آخر أوجب العفو، وقال: إنه إذا قُتِلَ الإنسان عمدًا فالواجب على أَوْلِيَائِهِ التَّسَامُحُ، مع أن الأصل أن شريعة الإنجيل هي شريعة التوراة، وقد قال
الله تعالى: وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٥].
فجاءت شريعة الإسلام وسطا، وجُعِلَ الخِيارُ لأولياء المَقْتُولِ، إن شاءوا قَتَلُوا فَصَاصًا ولهم الحق، وإن شاءوا عَفَوا ، وإن شاءوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيةَ، فصار الأمر واسعًا؛ ومَعْلُومٌ أن كُلَّ عاقلٍ يُخَيَّرُ في مثل هذه الأمور سيختارُ ما فيه المصلحة العامة، ويُقَدِّمُها على كل شيء
فمثلاً إذا كان القاتل شِرِّيرًا وكان أولياء المقتول مُحتاجين إلى المال وقالوا: نُرِيدُ الدِّيَةَ، نقول: هذا ليس من الحِكْمَةِ، فَلْيُقْتَلِ القَاتِلُ، وانظروا للمصالح
العامة، وإذا تَرَكْتُمْ شَيْئًا لله عَوَّضَكُم الله خَيْرًا مِنْهُ

Imam Muhammad Ibn Saalih Al-Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy upon him, expressed in one of his discussions about “the virtue of forgiveness” which is that Islam emphasises forgiveness when appropriate, as well as the necessity of showing determination when needed. It serves as an upright approach between forgiveness that may result in the loss of rights and determination that could lead to oppression. An example of this upright approach can be seen in the matter of Qisaas, which involves life for a life. After mentioning that the laws of the Torah and the Injeel lean towards strictness and leniency respectively, the Imam then stated that the Islamic Shariah established an upright middle ground, allowing the guardians of the victim to choose between seeking the death penalty for the murderer, granting forgiveness, or accepting blood money.

However, it is known that any rational (or sensible) individual who possesses the freedom to choose in such circumstances will opt for what serves the greater good (or is connected to the welfare of all), and prioritise it above all else. For instance, if the murderer is a wicked person and the guardians of the victim require financial compensation and say, “We want blood money”, we respond, “This is not wisdom, so let the criminal be executed and take into account the public interest or the collective welfare. And if you forsake something for the sake of Allah (i.e. in this case, the blood money), Allah will replace it with something better”.

An Excerpt from “Sharh Hilyati Taalibil Ilm” pages 50-51

We appreciate your feedback to improve the paraphrasing of this article. May you all be blessed by Allah.

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