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Reflections from some statements of Al-Allamah Rabee Bin Hadi Al-Mad’khali – [99a]

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Contemporary Issues, History of Islam, Innovations In Islam (Bidah), Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Pearls of Wisdom, Purification of The Soul, Salaf As Saalih (Pious Predecessors), Scholars of Islam, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

What is Islam’s ruling on Imtihan (testing) the people of desires and other than them?

All praise and thanks is due to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon Allah’s Messenger, his family and companions, and those who follow his guidance. To proceed:

Indeed, there has been a lot of speech regarding the testing individuals from among the people of desires and other than them, so, I consider it imperative to clarify Islam’s ruling regarding it, based on the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the stances and statements of the Imams of Islam and the Sunnah in this matter, so that the Muslim may be upon clear-sightedness and clarity with regards to this matter. As for the Qur’an, Allah, The Most High, said:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ

O you who believe, (with respect to those with whom you made a treaty) when the believing women come to you as emigrants (from the land of disbelief), then examine them (by making them swear that they are sincere in faith and did not leave due to hatred of their spouses, or seeking marriage or the world). And if you know them to be believing women, then do not return them to the disbelievers. They (the believing women) are not lawful (wives) for them, and nor are they (the polytheists), lawful (husbands) for them. [1]

As for (in) the Sunnah, Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, tested the slave girl. He said to her, “Where is Allah?” She replied, “Above the heaven.” He said, “Who am I?” She replied, “You are Allah’s Messenger.” So he said to her master, Muʿāwiyah ibn al-Ḥakam al-Sulamee, may Allah be pleased with him: “Free her, for she is a believer.” Therefore, he did not pass a ruling for her that she is believer or permitted her emancipation until after this test.

Shaikh Al-Islam, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:

When a person wishes to accompany a believer, or if a believer wishes to accompany anyone about whom immorality has been mentioned and it is said that he has repented from it, or if such speech is (claimed) about him, whether true or false, the indeed, he should test him in a way that reveals his righteousness or immorality, his truthfulness or falsehood. Similarly, when one intends to appoint someone to a position of authority, he should test him, as Umar Ibn Abdil Aziz commanded his boy slave to test Ibn Abee Musa when he was impressed by his behaviour. The slave said to him, ‘You know my position with the Amir Al-Mumineen; how much will you give me if I indicate to him for appointment?’ So Ibn Abee Musa offered him a large sum of wealth. Thus, Umar knew that he was not fit for leadership. Similarly, the same applies in matters of mutual dealings, and similarly regarding the chidren and slaves who are known for, or immorality has been stated about them (i.e. attributed to them), if a man wishes to purchase one of them, he should test him, for indeed, effeminate male is like the adulterous woman, and his repentance is like her repentance. Acquaintance with the conditions of the people sometimes comes through the testimony of people, sometimes through criticism and praise (jarḥ wa tadeel), and sometimes through direct testing and examination.

These (types) of tests are permissible with regard to those who have neither argue against the people of truth nor shown loyalty to the people of falsehood, so how about the people of falsehood and those who argue against the people of truth and ally with the people of falsehood? As for the pious predecessors – adherents to the Book and the Sunnah, indeed, they made testing one of their standards by which they distinguished between the people of the Sunnah and the people of Bidah and desires, and between trustworthy narrators and the liars, the heedless (negligent, inattentive, undiscerning) and the weak narrators. Among the Imams from whom such testing was reported is Imam Muḥammad ibn Seereen, may Allah have mercy on him, who said: “Indeed, this knowledge is religion, so examine (carefully) from whom you take your religion”. [Paraphrased]

To be continued…InShaAllah

ما حكم الإسلام في امتحان أهل الأهواء وغيرهم.

[1] https://www.thenoblequran.com/q/#/search/60_10

[1] Dialogue With Anyone Using Customs or Changing Times to Alter Muslim Spousal Roles

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Contemporary Issues, Family & Women, Fatawa-Rulings, Marriage (Nikkah), Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Purification of The Soul, Refutations, Scholars of Islam, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

The First Admonition and Clarification

Imam Abdul Azeez Bin Baz, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:

“It is obligated to every Muslim that he does not depend on custom; rather he presents it to the pure Islamic legislation, so whatever the Islamic legislation affirms is permissible and whatever it does not affirm is impermissible. The customs of the people are not proof to determine the lawfulness of anything. All the customs of the people in their countries or tribes must be presented to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, for judgement, then whatever Allah and His Messenger made permissible is permissible, and whatever they forbid, it is obligatory to abandon it even if it is the custom of the people”. [1]

The Imam, may Allah have mercy upon him, also said:

“Let every Muslim be careful of being deceived by the great numbers, whilst saying, “Indeed, the people have become such and such, and have become accustomed to such and such, so I am with them”. This is a great calamity, for indeed many people of the past were destroyed due to this. Therefore, O sensible one! It is obligated to you to examine yourself, take account of yourself and adhere to the truth, even if the people abandon it. Beware of what Allah has forbidden, even if the people do it, for indeed the truth is more worthy of being followed, just as Allah, The Most High, said: [وَإِنْ تُطِعْ أَكْثَرَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يُضِلُّوكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّه ِ -And if you obey most of those on earth, they will mislead you far away from Allah’s Path. [Surah Al An’am Ayah 116]

And Allah, The Most High, said: [ وَمَآ أَڪۡثَرُ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَوۡ حَرَصۡتَ بِمُؤۡمِنِينَ-And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly]. [Surah Yusuf Ayah 103] [2]

Al-Allamah Muqbil Bin Haadee Al-Wadi’ee, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:

If numbers are the scale through which you judge, then the majority are mostly blameworthy; and if persuasive speech and eloquence is the scale through which you judge, then indeed Allah described the Munaafiqoon that they have tongues that utter beautiful speech. Allah said: [وَإِن يَقُولُواْ تَسۡمَعۡ لِقَوۡلِهِمۡ – And when they speak, you listen to their words]. [Surah Al-Munaafiqoon. Ayah 4]

Therefore, what is given consideration is that one knows the people of truth by their characteristics – that they call to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, his family, and companions, and they neither desire reward from the people nor seeking to be thanked. [3]

To be continued InShaAllah

[1] Majmu Al-Fataawaa 6/510

[2] An Excerpt from ‘Majmu Al-Fataawaa 12/ 412-416

[3] قم المعاند – 2/547

[3] Some Extraordinary Personalities of The First Three Generations

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in History of Islam, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Purification of The Soul, Salaf As Saalih (Pious Predecessors), Scholars of Islam, The Salaf - Pious Predecessors.

In The Name of Allāh, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

 

Amir Al-Muminin – Umar Ibn Abdil Aziz, may Allāh have mercy upon him

He said to the people after becoming the Khaleefah

I command you to fear Allah, because fear of Allah precedes everything and nothing precedes it. Remember death a lot, because indeed it is the destroyer of pleasures and  prepare for it properly before it arrives. By Allah! Neither will I give anyone based on falsehood nor deprive anyone of his rights”. Then he raised his voice and said, “O people! It is obligatory to obey whoever obeys Allah and whoever disobeys Allah is not to be obeyed. Obey me as long as I obey Allah, but do not obey me if I disobey Allah”. [1]

He once wrote to one of his officials and said, “Indeed, I command you to fear Allah, adhere to the Sunnah of Allah’s Messenger, limit yourself to the Messenger’s command, abandon that which the people have newly initiated in the religion after him – those who wage war against the Sunnah –  and have stopped acting on his true religion. Know that a Bidah has never occurred, except that there is evidence to show its falsity, therefore it is obligated to you to adhere to the Sunnah, for indeed it is the tradition of those [i.e. the Sahabah] who know the deviation, error and  foolishness that is in that which is in opposition to it. They were more able to explain the affairs and more robust in the performance of deeds. Their deeds were performed properly, therefore if that which you do is virtuous, they would have been foremost in doing so. This is because they preceded everyone in every good. And if you say, “Good has also occurred after them”, then know that it was initiated by one who followed other than the path of the believers- deviated from their path and turned himself away from it. Indeed, they [i.e. Sahabah] have spoken about the religion based on that which suffices and described it with that which solves the problem, so those who do not act based on what they followed have fallen short and those who go beyond what they followed are not good doers. Indeed, people diminished their religion and became mixed up and others wanted to go above them and became extremists.

He said, “Allah’s Messenger and his Khulafaa after him established Sunan, adhering to it is obedience to Allah and a testification that the Book of Allah is truth. It is not allowed for anyone to change or substitute it and no consideration is given to anyone who opposes it. Whoever adheres to that which has preceded will be guided and the one who uses it as a source of foresight will be able to see clearly. As for the one who opposes it and follows other than the path of the believers, Allah will leave him in the path he has chosen and burn him in hell, and what an evil destination!”.

One day, he spoke in the presence of a group of his companions and Allah granted him the ability to convey a fine admonition, then he saw a man in the gathering whose eyes were filled with tears, so he immediately stopped talking. The man said to him, “O Amir Al-Muminin! Carry on with your admonition because indeed I hope that Allah will bless the one who hears or the one it reaches”. He said to the man, “O Abu Ayyoub! Take this from me, for indeed there is a trial whose evil the speaker may not escape when speaking to the people. Acting is more appropriate for the believer than speaking”.

Rajaa said, “When Umar Bin Abdul Azeez was about to depart from this world, he kept on saying, “O Allah! Make me pleased with your divine will and bless me in your divine decree, so that I do not hasten what you have delayed and not delay what you have hastened”.

Excerpt from Al-Bidayah Wan Nihayah. 9/213–217. Publisher: Maktabah Al-Ma’aarif and Daar ibn Hazm. 9th Edition. 1414 AH (1994)

[1] The rulers are not obeyed when they do wrong, but inciting rebellion or rebellion itself against them is not permissible. Read: https://salafidawahmanchester.com/2021/02/10/believers-bahaviour-towards-muslim-rulers-advise-given-in-private-supplicate-for-them-and-refrain-from-rebellion-so-beware-of-spiteful-foreign-instigators-and-some-dangerous-social-media-networ/

 

[2] Some Extraordinary Personalities of The First Three Generations

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Featured, History of Islam, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Salaf As Saalih (Pious Predecessors), Scholars of Islam, The Salaf - Pious Predecessors.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Besower of Mercy.

Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ لِهَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ كُلِّ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مَنْ يُجَدِّدُ لَهَا دِينَهَا

Allah will raise for this Ummah at the end of every hundred years the one who will revive its religion for it. [1]

[إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ لِهَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ  – Allah will raise for this Ummah]- meaning the Ummah Al-Ijabah [i.e. the Muslims]. [عَلَى رَأْسِ كُلِّ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ – At the end of every hundred years]- meaning at the end of every hundred years when there is little knowledge of the Islamic legislation and the authentic Prophetic Tradition, whilst ignorance and religious innovation is rife. 

[مَنْ يُجَدِّدُ لَهَا دِينَهَا   – One who will revive its religion for it]- meaning a scholar who is alive and well known. He will clarify the authentic Prophetic Tradition and distinguish it from the religious innovations. knowledge will be abundant again and its adherents will be aided, and the proponents of religious will be overcome and degraded.

This reviver is non else but a scholar who has sound understanding of the religious sciences that deal with acts of worship, the underlying wisdoms of the religion and the texts that deal with beliefs of the heart. [2]

A group amongst the scholars-  including (Imam) Ahmad Bin Hanbal –  stated that Umar Bin Abdul Azeez was alive at the end of the first hundred years and he is more worthy and entitled to be entered into this category of people due to his leadership and striving to establish truth.

He used to write to the employees of the state to remind them to adhere to the Sunnah, saying, “If the Sunnah does not rectify you, Allah will not rectify you”.

He used to give a 100 Deenaars a year from the state fund to those who travel to the central mosque of their country to study Fiqh , spread knowledge and teach recitation of the Qur’an. 

He used to say, “O Allah! Grant us safety. O Allah! Grant us safety. O Allah! Rectify the one in whose rectification there will be rectification for the Ummah of Muhammad, and destroy the one in whose destruction there will be rectification for the Ummah of Muhammad”.

Every night, he used to gather  his companions amongst the jurists and they would not mention anything else besides death and the Hereafter, then they would weep.

He said to a man, “Teach your child Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar [i.e. the sound Aqeedah, especially Tawhid], contentment and to prevent harm”.

A man recited this Ayah in his presence: [إِذَا أُلْقُوا مِنْهَا مَكَانًا ضَيِّقًا مُقَرَّنِينَ دَعَوْا هُنَالِكَ ثُبُورًا -And when they shall be thrown into a narrow place thereof, chained together, they will exclaim therein for destruction].  [Surah Al-Furqan. 13] He wept a lot, got up and entered his house. The people left him and departed.

It reached him that a man amongst his companions passed away, so he went to the man’s family to offer his condolences. The family cried loudly in his presence, so he said, “Enough, indeed your relative is not the one who gave you provision, rather the one who gives you provision is alive and will never die. This relative of yours cannot prevent anything from you in your grave, but he can only prevent events in his grave by way of his deeds and every person amongst you has a pit. When Allah, The Mighty and Majestic, created the worldly life, He decreed that it will be completely destroyed and its inhabitants will cease to exist. There’s no gathering except that one day they will be separated until Allah takes back the earth and what is on it. So, whoever weeps, then let him weep for himself because what has happened to your relative will happen to you tomorrow”. [3]

[1] Al-Bidaayah Wan-Nihaayah. 9/303-309. Publisher: Maktabah Al-Ma’aarif and Daar ibn Hazm. 9th Edition. 1414 AH (1994)

[2] Sahih Sunan Abee Daawud. 4291.

[3] Al-Bidaayah Wan-Nihaayah. Vol 9. Pages 303-309. Publisher: Maktabah Al-Ma’aarif and Daar ibn Hazm. 9th Edition. 1414 AH (1994)

The old man with the garden and his weak children

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Articles, Featured, Fitnah, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Pearls of Wisdom, Qur'aan, Scholars of Islam, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy

Allah [The Exalted] said:

أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُڪُمۡ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ ۥ جَنَّةٌ۬ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ۬ وَأَعۡنَابٍ۬ تَجۡرِى مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَـٰرُ لَهُ ۥ فِيهَا مِن ڪُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٲتِ وَأَصَابَهُ ٱلۡكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ۥ ذُرِّيَّةٌ۬ ضُعَفَآءُ فَأَصَابَهَآ إِعۡصَارٌ۬ فِيهِ نَارٌ۬ فَٱحۡتَرَقَتۡ‌ۗ كَذَٲلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَڪُمُ ٱلۡأَيَـٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ

Would any of you love to have a garden with date-palms and vines, with rivers flowing underneath, and all kinds of fruits for him therein, while he is stricken with old age, and his children are weak (not able to look after themselves), then it is struck with a fiery whirlwind, so that it is burnt? Thus does Allah make clear His Aayaat (proofs, evidences, verses) to you that you may give thought. [Al-Baqarah. 266]

Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy upon him, said that Imam Al-Hasan Al-Basri, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “By Allah! Very few amongst the people understand this parable. A very old man whose body is weak and his children are many would be very much in need of his garden. By Allaah! One of you would be more in need of his deeds when he is cut off from this worldly life [i.e. through death]”.

It has been reported in Sahih Al-Bukhari that one day Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said to the companions, “What do you think about this verse [أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُڪُمۡ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ ۥ جَنَّةٌ۬ – Would any of you love to have a garden]?” They replied, “Allah knows best”. Umar became angry and said, “Either say that you know or say that you do not know”. Then Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his father] said, ‘O chief of the believers! I have something in my mind to say about it’. Umar said, ‘O son of my brother! Say, and do not underestimate yourself’. Ibn Abbas said, “In this verse there has been put forward a parable for deeds”. Umar said, “What kind of deeds?” Ibn Abbas said, “For deeds”. Umar said, “This is an example for a wealthy man who does good deeds out of obedience to Allah and then Allah sends him Satan whereupon he commits sins till all his good deeds are lost”. (a)

This narration shows Ibn Abbas’s strong understanding and the precedence Umar gave him even when he was young. This hadeeth also shows a scholar motivating his student to speak in the presence of those older than him if he knows that the young one is worthy of it, in order to encourage him, broaden himself (in understanding) and make him desirous of knowledge. (b) “Umar stated that Allah sent this wealthy person a shaytan and he lost all his good deeds”.

Question: Why does this occur? Answer: It occurs based on Allah’s Perfect and Just Decree, as recompense for one’s wickedness (c); due to a hidden plot in one’s heart (d), due one turning away from guidance and behaving as if he does not know Allah’s guidance (e); turning away from Allah’s reminder, which he revealed to his Messenger, turning away from understanding it and pondering upon it, and that which Allah intends by way of it, so Allah leaves such a person with his devil as a punishment – the devil that follows him. So, this devil becomes his ally (f); because none submits to Allaah sincerely and truthfully, and performs the deeds of the people of Jannah, except that Allaah will never abandon him. (g). Such a person was not compelled to go astray, rather he made a choice, but his choice is under the Will of Allaah. We do not know what was in the hearts of those who deviated, so Allah deviated their hearts; but we know – with absolute certainty – that Allah passes Just Judgments and He does not do injustice to anything; rather it is the people who wrong themselves. (h)

So Allah said: [أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُڪُمۡ – Would one of you love]; This statement is more profound than a negation and prohibition, just as when you see someone committing a repugnant deed, so you say to him, “A sensible person would not do this! Would someone who fears Allah and the Hereafter do this?!”. [أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُڪُمۡ – Would one of you love] is more profound [or intense] in showing one’s rejection than saying, “Would you want”, because love and wish in this situation is more repugnant and evil than just wanting.

[أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُڪُمۡ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ ۥ جَنَّةٌ۬ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ۬ وَأَعۡنَابٍ۬ – Would any of you love to have a garden with date-palms and vines]; These two [fruits] have been specifically mentioned because they are the most valuable and they contain more benefit, for indeed they are a source of food, nourishment, medicine, drink and fruitage – whether sweet or sour, and are eaten when moist or dry. Their benefits are numerous indeed. The people differ regarding which of the two is better and more beneficial. Some say the date palm and others say the vine, and each group provided proofs to establish their statement, and we have mentioned this in another place [i.e. in another book]. In summary: This affair differs based on different countries, for indeed Allaah made it a common affair in a way that one of them does not dismiss the authority of the other. The date palm – when in its most favourable land and place- is better and more beneficial than the vine in that place; and the vine – in its suitable land and habitat – is better than the date palm in there. And Allaah knows best.

The intent is that these two types of fruits are the noblest and the best of fruits, so a garden that has both of them would be the best of gardens. In addition to this, rivers flow under this garden, which makes it more perfect and greater in status. And in addition to this, there’s no absence of other types of fruits in this garden which one desires; rather there are all types of fruits therein; however most of its produce and its main purpose is for the date palm and vines. Allaah said: [ۥ فِيهَا مِن ڪُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٲتِ – and all kinds of fruits for him therein]. And similar to this statement is also the statement of Allaah: [وَٱضۡرِبۡ لَهُم مَّثَلاً۬ رَّجُلَيۡنِ جَعَلۡنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيۡنِ مِنۡ أَعۡنَـٰبٍ۬ وَحَفَفۡنَـٰهُمَا بِنَخۡلٍ۬ وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَہُمَا زَرۡعً۬ا – And put forward to them the example of two men; unto one of them We had given two gardens of grapes, and We had surrounded both with date-palms; and had put between them green crops (cultivated fields)]. [ كِلۡتَا ٱلۡجَنَّتَيۡنِ ءَاتَتۡ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمۡ تَظۡلِم مِّنۡهُ شَيۡـًٔ۬ا‌ۚ وَفَجَّرۡنَا خِلَـٰلَهُمَا نَہَرً۬ا – Each of those two gardens brought forth its produce, and failed not in the least therein, and We caused a river to gush forth in the midst of them]. [وَكَانَ لَهُ ۥ ثَمَرٌ۬ – And he had property (or fruit)… ][Surah Al-Kahf. Aayaat 32-34]

Then Allah said about this garden [i.e. the one mentioned in Baqarah 266]: [فَأَصَابَهَآ إِعۡصَارٌ۬ فِيهِ نَارٌ۬ فَٱحۡتَرَقَتۡ‌ۗ – then it is struck with a fiery whirlwind, so that it is burnt]. Al-Kahf 42] [وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِۦ فَأَصۡبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيۡهِ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَنفَقَ فِيہَا وَهِىَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِہَا – So his fruits were encircled (with ruin). And he remained clapping his hands with sorrow over what he had spent upon it, while it was all destroyed on its trellises].

Then Allaah said: [وَأَصَابَهُ ٱلۡكِبَرُ – while he is stricken with old age]. This shows his great need of this garden, and his heart’s attachment to it can be seen in various ways (as follows): Indeed, he has reached very old age and cannot earn or engage in trade, the son of Adam increases in eagerness for things when he gets older, he has children, so he is eager that his garden should remain because both him and his children are in need of it, his children are weak and they are a burden on him – neither do they benefit him with their strength nor their deeds, and he is responsible for their livelihood because they are weak and incapable [of doing anything]. This is the great extent to which his heart is attached to this garden and the great need him and his children have of it. So, when you truly perceive this situation and this need, then what will be the calamity if his garden is stricken by a fiery whirlwind and burns it. By Allaah! Indeed, Al-Hasan Al-Basri spoke the truth (when he said), “Very few amongst the people understand this parable”. And due to this, Allaah notified us regarding the greatness of this parable and prompted the hearts to reflect upon it due to their great need of it. Allah said: [كَذَٲلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَڪُمُ ٱلۡأَيَـٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ – Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses) to you that you may give thought].

If a truly sensible person was to ponder upon this parable and took it as a guide for his heart, it would suffice and heal it. So, if a person was to perform deeds of obedience to Allah, but then followed it with that which nullified it due to disobedience to Allah, it would be like the fiery whirlwind that burnt the garden. [An Excerpt from Tareequl Hijratayn pages 456-458. Slightly paraphrased. Publisher Daar Ibn Rajab 2nd edition 1421AH (2001)]

The Balance Between Fear and Hope

Imam Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy upon him, stated: Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy upon him] said, “It is obligated on a person that his fear and hope are the same because if one of them is more than the other he is destroyed”. Amongst the scholars are those who say that if you desire to perform an act of obedience, you should have more hope that Allah will accept it, raise your status by way of it and strengthen you. And if you desire to commit an act of disobedience, you should have more fear so that you do not fall into it. And amongst the scholars are those who say that fear and hope should be based on the circumstances of a person; if one is in a state of poor health, he should have more hope because the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, “None of you should die except whilst having good thoughts about Allah”. This is because if one has overwhelming fear whilst he is in a state of poor health, it may lead him to despair of Allah’s Mercy. As for when one is in a state of good health, he should have more fear because a state of good health is a reason for corruption [i.e. it corrupts some people because they take it for granted and are ungrateful etc]. The best position – in my view – regarding this dangerous subject matter is that a person (approaches the affair) based on his circumstances and the position that is more precise is that a person should have more hope when he performs a good deed, and when he desires an evil deed, he should have more fear. [Sharh Hilyatil Taaluibal Ilm. Page 35-36]

[a] Sahih Al-Bukhari. 4538
[b] Fat’hul Bari Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari. 8/254
[c] Tafsir As-Sadi, Surah Israa. 5
[d] Sharh Arba’een page 87-88. 1st edition. 1424 (2003)- Imam Muhammad Ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin)]
[e] Zaad Al-Maseer. Tafseer Surah Az-Zukhruf Averse 36
[f] Al-Jawaab Al-Kaafee 136-137
[g] Sharh Arba’een page 88. 1st edition. 1424 (2003)
[h] Sharh Al-Arba’een pages 55-56- 1st edition 1428 (2007)-by Al-Allamah Salih Aala Ash-Shaikh

[1] Some Extraordinary Personalities of the First Three Generations

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in History of Islam, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Pearls of Wisdom, Purification of The Soul, Salaf As Saalih (Pious Predecessors), Scholars of Islam, The Salaf - Pious Predecessors, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Umar Ibn Abdil Aziz, may Allāh have mercy upon him

He once wept when he was a child. When that reached his mother, she asked him, “What made you weep?” He said, “I remembered death”, thus, his mother also wept.

Az-Zubayr Bin Bakkaar said, “The first matter that manifested from Umar’s uprightness was his fervent desire for knowledge and good manners. He was very young when his father was appointed as the governor of Egypt. His father wanted to travel with him from Syria to Egypt, but he said to his father, ‘O my father! Perhaps something else is more beneficial for me and you!’ His father said, ‘What’s that?’ He said, ‘Take me to Madinah to sit with the Fuqaha and learn from their manners’. His father sent him to Madinah together with a servant. He sat with the Mashayikh of Quraish and avoided their youth, and did not cease doing so until he became well known”. .

Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “I have not prayed behind an Imam whose prayer resembles that of Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, more than this young man. [Umar Bin Abdil Azeez]”.

Ismaa’eel Bin Ayyash said that Amr Bin Muhaajir said, “When Umar Bin Abdil Azeez  became the Khalifah, he stood in front of the people, praised Allah and said, ‘O people! Verily, there is no Book after the Qur’an and no Prophet after Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him. Indeed, I am not a judge, rather I am one upon whom it is obligated to comply with commands and prohibitions. Indeed, I am not an innovator in religious matters, but rather I am one who adheres to the Sunnah. Verily a man who flees from an oppressive leader cannot be a wrong doer, but that oppressive leader is the disobedient one. Indeed, there is no obedience to the creation in disobedience to the Creator, The Mighty and Majestic’”.

Az-Zubayr Bin Bakkaar said, “Muhammad Bin Sallam informed me that Sallam Bin Salim said, ‘When Umar Bin Abdil Azeez became the Khalifah, he climbed the Minbar – and that was the first Khutbah he delivered; he praised and exalted Allah, then said, ‘O people! Whoever accompanies us, let him accompany us with five matters otherwise let him disassociate from us: Let him inform us of the needs of those who are not able to inform us, help us to do good by his guidance, direct us to good by way of that which he guides himself, refrain from backbiting anyone in our presence and not engage in that which does not concern him’. After this speech of his, the poets and sermonisers disassociated from him, but the Zuhhad and the jurists kept close company with him and said, ‘We cannot disassociate from this man until he opposes what he has stated’”..

Sufyan  Ibn Uyaynah said, “When Umar Bin Abdil Azeez became the Khalifah, he contacted Muhammad Bin Kab, Rajaa Bin Haywah and Salim Bin Abdillah and said to them, ‘You have seen that which I have been put to trial and indeed it has fallen upon me, so what advice do you have?’ Muhammad Bin kab said, ‘Consider the old man a father, the young person a brother and the little one as your child. Therefore, be good to your father, keep ties with your brother and be kind to your child’. Rajaa said to him, ‘Wish for the people what you wish for yourself, hate for them what you hate for yourself and do not approach them except in manner you would like them to approach you’. Salim said, ‘Concentrate on one affair by degrading the lusts of the worldly life and let your innate disposition be directed towards reflecting upon death’. Umar said, ‘Laa Hawla Walaa Quwwata illaa Billah’”.

Whenever he faced a difficult matter, he would gather the jurists of Madinah, particularly ten of them and would not firmly decide on a matter without them or some of them. They were Urwah, Ubaydullah Bin Abdillah Ibn Utbah, AbuBakr Bin Abdir Rahman Ibn Al-Harith Ibn Hisham, AbuBakr Bin Sulayman Ibn Khaythama, Salayman Bin Yassaar, Al-Qaasim Bin Muhammad Ibn Hazm, Salim Bin Abdillah, Abdullah Bin Aamir Ibn Rabee’ah and Kharijah Bin Zayd Ibn Thabit. He never used to hold a view that was different from that of Sa’eed Ibn Al-Musayyib, and Sa’eed did not visit any of the caliphs besides Umar Ibn Abdil Azeez in Madinah.

Maymun Bin Mihran said, “The scholars were students in the presence of Umar Bin Abdil Azeez”.

One day, he was sitting in his place of prayer with his hand on his cheek and tears flowing. His wife – Fatimah- entered and said, “What is the matter with you?” He replied, “Woe to you O Fatimah! I have taken the responsibility of looking after the affairs of this Ummah, thus, I pondered upon the affair of the poor and hungry person, the sick and destitute, the one without appropriate clothing and is making strenuous efforts, the helpless orphan, the lonely widow, the subjugated – oppressed person- the stranger, the war captive, the old man, the one who has numerous dependants and little wealth and those similar to them in the various regions of the earth and the different countries. So, I knew that my Lord, The Mighty and Majestic, will question me about them on the day of judgement, the one who will argue on their behalf against me will be Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and I fear that I will not have strong proof in the presence of his arguments, thus, I felt sorry for myself and wept”.

Every day, he used to announce, “Where are those in debt? Where are the married people and where are the orphans so that I can  give them sufficient provision”.

He said, “It is obligated to you to fear Allah, because indeed fear of Allah does not accept anything else to interfere with it. None shows mercy except the people who fear Allah and no reward is given except for it. Those who admonish people about it are many, but those who act upon it are few”.

He said, “The one who knows that his speech is part of his deeds, his speech will not be related to anything except that which concerns and benefits him”.

He said, “The one who does not consider his speech to be part of his deeds, his mistakes will be numerous,  and whoever worships Allah without Knowledge will corrupt more than he rectifies”.

Malik Bin Deenaar said: “The people say that Malik is a Zahid, but what type of Zahid am I; rather Umar Bin Abdil Azeez is the Zahid because the worldly wealth came to him and he abandoned all of it”.

An Excerpt from Al-Bidaayah Wan-Nihaayah. 9/193-202. Publisher: Maktabah Al-Ma’aarif and Daar ibn Hazm. 9th Edition. 1414 AH (1994)

Truth Prevails Over Closest Family Ties: The Unflinching Honesty and Relentless Integrity of the Imams of Hadith

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Da'wah - Calling To Islam, Featured, History of Islam, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Pearls of Wisdom, Purification of The Soul, Salaf As Saalih (Pious Predecessors), Scholars of Islam, The Salaf - Pious Predecessors, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Imam Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said:

There is no one among the people of hadith who showed favoritism (or behaved in a biased manner) in hadith — neither toward his father, his brother, nor his son. Ali ibn Abdillah Al-Madini, may Allah have mercy upon him, was an Imam of hadith in his era, however, not a letter is reported from him with regards to strengthening (the reliability of) his father; rather, the opposite of that is what has been narrated from him. [1]

Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: “Ali Ibn Al-Madini, may Allah have mercy upon him, was asked about his father, so he said: ‘Ask someone else’. They said: ‘We ask you (in particular)’. He lowered his head (in silence for a while), then he raised his head and said: “This is the religion, my father is weak (in hadith)”. [2]

[1] Sharaf Ashab al-Hadith p. 41
[2] Al-Majruhin 2/15

[8] Determinants of Wholesome Relationships

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Brotherhood, Contemporary Issues, Da'wah - Calling To Islam, Featured, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Pearls of Wisdom, Purification of The Soul, Sahaabah, Salaf As Saalih (Pious Predecessors), Scholars of Islam, The Salaf - Pious Predecessors, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

The Exemplary Behaviour of Our Salaf As-Salih [Pious Predecessors] During Disagreement

Rabee’ah Al-Aslami [may Allah be pleased with him] narrated: I used to serve Allah’s Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him], so he gave me a piece of land and gave Abu Bakr [may Allah be pleased with him] a piece of land. Then, the worldly life came and we argued over a bunch of palm trees, so Abu Bakr said, ‘It is in my piece of land’ and I said, ‘It is in my piece of land’. There was an exchange of words between Abu Bakr and myself, so Abu Bakr said something to me that I disliked, and he regretted that. He said to me, ‘O Rabee’ah! Say in return to me what I said to you so that it becomes retribution’. I said, ‘I will not do so!’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Say it, or I will call Allah’s Messenger on you!’ I said, ‘I will not do so’. So Abu Bakr abandoned the piece of land and went to the Prophet and I followed him. The people from (the tribe of) Aslam came and said, ‘May Allah have mercy on Abu Bakr! Why would he call Allah’s Messenger on you when he has said to you what he has said?’ I said, ‘Do you know who that is? That is Abu Bakr -the Truthful (as-Siddeeq). He is the one who was in the Cave with the Prophet, and he is the elder of the Muslims! So beware that he turns around and sees you helping me against him and it makes him angry, then Allah’s Messenger comes along and becomes angry because of Abu Bakr’s anger, and then Allah becomes angry due to their anger, and thus Rabee’ah is destroyed!’ So, they said, ‘So what do you want us to do?’ I said, ‘Go back to where you came from’. Abu Bakr went to Allah’s Messenger and I followed him by myself and continued until he reached and informed him of our conversation as it happened. So he (the Prophet) raised his head to me and said, ‘O Rabee’ah! What is going on between you and as-Siddeeq?’ I said, ‘O Allah’s Messenger! This happened and that happened, so he said something to me that I disliked, and he told me to say the same thing back to him so that it would be a retribution’. Allah’s Messenger said, ‘Do not return his comment to him, rather say, may Allah forgive you O Abu Bakr! May Allah forgive you O Abu Bakr!’ Then Abu Bakr turned his face and began to cry”.

Al-Allamah Zayd Bin Hadi Al-Mad’khali [may Allah have mercy upon him] commented:

The hadith contains a remarkable story that provides us with an exhortation and a lesson. It demonstrates the pure hearts of the companions towards each other, showing that even in times of disagreement over worldly matters, they did not boycott one another, nor harboured grudges or hatred, instead, they offered sincere advice. This narrative highlights that the Sahaabah were people of fair play and justice, and they feared falling into disobedience and evil deeds. And if punishment was legislated for an evil deed, they preferred that it is received in this life rather than in the hereafter. This story illustrates the excellence of AbuBakr, his esteemed position among the Sahaabah, in the view of the Prophet, and also in the sight of Allah, as the Prophet held him in great regard and elevated him to his deserved status, just as Allah says in the Qur’an:

إِذۡ هُمَا فِى ٱلۡغَارِ إِذۡ يَقُولُ لِصَـٰحِبِهِۦ لَا تَحۡزَنۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَنَا‌ۖ

The second of two, when they were in the cave, he [Muhammad] said to his companion [Abu Bakr], “Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allah is with us”. [Surah At-Tawbah. Ayah 40]

Abu Bakr was the Prophet’s fellow in the cave. He holds the highest level of virtue among the Ummah after the Prophet, as agreed upon by Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaa’ah past and present. Indeed, the Prophet said to some of his other companions regarding Abu Bakr: “Would you not leave my companion for me” – meaning AbuBakr [i.e. don’t bother him, etc][Bukhari 3661]

This narrative highlights the importance of forgiveness and pardoning those who have wronged you, when you can do so and due to a (lawful or overriding) benefit because being forgiving and pardoning others will only bring you honour and a loftier status in the sight of Allah.

This narrative also demonstrates that the companions of the Prophet were not infallible. They made unintentional mistakes, but they were people whom Allah favoured with the privilege of being in the company of the Prophet. They did not persist in their mistakes, as can be seen in this story. Disagreements did arise among them, but they humbled themselves to the truth. They did not reject the truth with falsehood or engage in oppression. Instead, they promptly sought the guidance of Allah’s Messenger to resolve (the disagreements). The Messenger resolved those issues, and all of them were content with the judgment and submitted wholeheartedly.

This narrative highlights the importance of making supplications for others, especially those who have wronged you. Therefore, you supplicate for them that (Allah) rectifies their affairs and forgives them because you have an angel who responds, saying, “Ameen, and may Allah grant you the same”. One should be eager about this practice! The story shows that fulfilling the rights of others in this life is better than delaying it until the Day of Judgment, where no one will forgive another, even if they are close relatives. Additionally, it showcases the wisdom of Rabee’ah Al-Aslami, who advised his companions not to support or argue against Abu Bakr, recognising his esteemed status in the sight of Allah and the Messenger.

What do we derive as a benefit from this story: We must forgive and maintain love for each other when we have disagreements about worldly matters. A person should be eager to give others their rights and also seek forgiveness from those they have argued with.

An Excerpt from “at-Taleeqaat Al-Maleehah Alaa Silsilah Al-Ahaadeeth As-Saheehah”. Pages 1/42-44

 

[1] Some Issues Regarding The Salah

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Basics, Brotherhood, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Purification of The Soul, Salaah - Prayer, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

When Should The People Stand Up For The Prayer In The Masjid- By Al Allamah Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad, may Allah preserve him

Al-Allamah Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad, may Allah preserve him, stated:

Should they stand up at the beginning of the Iqama, at the end or when (they hear) Qad-qaamah as-salah [i.e. the prayer is about to begin]? Al-Hafidh Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy upon him, transmitted three statements in Al-Fath 2/120, however what is more evident is that the performers of the prayer should stand up when they hear the beginning of the Iqaamah in order to get ready and straighten the rows for the prayer.

It is reported in Sahih Muslim from Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: “The Iqaamah for the prayer would be called for Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the people would form rows before the Prophet stood up.” [Sahih Muslim 1369]

However, if the Imam is in the Masjid, the performers of the prayer should stand up when the Iqamah for the prayer is made and they see him enter the Masjid because of the Prophet’s  statement: “When the Iqamah is called for the prayer, do not stand up until you see me”. [Sahih Al-Bukhari 637 & Sahih Muslim 1365]

In another wording (of this hadith) in Sahih Muslim “Until you see that I have come out”. [Sahih Muslim 1366] [1]

 

Strengthening The Rows and Closing The Gaps Between Performers of The Prayer – By Imam Abdul Azeez Bin Baaz, may Allah have mercy upon him

He was asked: What is common here in the Kingdom – in prayer – is the absence of closing the gaps between the performers of the prayer in their rows, in addition to the loud voices in the Masjid when reciting the Qur’an. And what is the meaning of the statement of the Messenger [peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him], “Let not one of you (raise his voice) with his recitation over the recitation of his brother”? (Please) explain these two affairs, and Allah reward you with good.

Response: Not closing the gaps is tantamount to ignorance. It is obligated on the one who witnesses this to advise his brothers. Always close the gaps. The Imams say, “Straighten up, close the gaps, come close together”, but this requires hearts that listen and ears that hear. Closing the gaps is obligataory and the Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] commanded it. He said: “Set the rows in order, stand shoulder to shoulder, close the gaps”. This is how he [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] commanded, so it is obligatory that the gaps in the rows are closed and (people) come close together.

As for reciting aloud, this should not be done. It is obligatory for the believer to recite in a low voice so that he does not harm (i.e. disturb or distract) those around him, and does not disturb those worshipers and reciters around him. If he is reading in the row, he reads in a low tone, so as not to disturb the people around him; unless there are people around him who are not reading and they love to hear his voice, so he raises it to the level they can hear. As for raising (the voice) and harming (i.e. disturbing or distracting) those around him who are praying or reciting, and disturbing them, (then) no. The Prophet [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] came to a people in the Masjid and heard them reciting the Qur’an in a loud voice. He removed the curtain and said, “Verily, every one of you is calling his Lord. Let not some of you raise your voice over that of others…” (2) [end of quote]

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Set the rows in order, stand shoulder to shoulder, close the gaps, be pliant in the hands of your brethren, and do not leave openings for the devil. If anyone joins up a row, Allah will join him up, but if anyone breaks a row, Allah will cut him off. [Sahih Abu Dawud 666]

Narrated Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Straighten your rows for I see you from behind my back.” Anas added, “Everyone of us used to put his shoulder with the shoulder of his companion and his foot with the foot of his companion.” [Sahih Al-Bukhari 725]

An-Nu’man Bin Bashir, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) faced the people and said three times; straighten your rows (in prayer); by Allah, you must straighten your rows, or Allah will certainly put your faces in contrary directions. I then saw that every person stood in prayer keeping his shoulder close to that of the other, and his knee close to that of the other, and his ankle close to that of the other. [Sahih Abu Dawud 662]

Abu Mas’ud, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: “Allāh’s Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to touch our shoulders before the prayer and say: ‘Keep straight, don’t differ, lest your hearts differ'”. (Sahih Muslim 432)

Imam Ibn Al-Jawzi, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: Meaning: Indeed, if you differ outwardly, you’ll be punished through differing of the hearts. It may also mean: let not your outward appearances differ, for indeed, their outward differing is a proof of the differing of your hearts. [3]

[1] Kutub Wa Rasaa’il Abdul Muhsin Bin Hamad Al-Abbaad Al-Badr 5/127

[2]https://binbaz.org.sa/fatwas/3011/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF#:~:text=%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%20%D8%B3%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC%20%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7%20%D9%85%D9%86,%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81%20%D8%A3%D9%86%20%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C%20%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7 paraphrased

[3] Kashf Al-Mushkil Min Hadith As-Saheehayn 2/205

[7] Determinants of Wholesome Relationships

Written by Abdullah Jallow on . Posted in Basics, Brotherhood, Contemporary Issues, Featured, Methodology - 'Manhaj', Morals and Manners - 'Akhlaaq', Pearls of Wisdom, Purification of The Soul, Qur'aan, Scholars of Islam, Worship - 'Ibaadah'.

Allah [The Most High] said:

يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُونُواْ قَوَّٲمِينَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ شُہَدَآءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَوِ ٱلۡوَٲلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ‌ۚ إِن يَكُنۡ غَنِيًّا أَوۡ فَقِيرً۬ا فَٱللَّهُ أَوۡلَىٰ بِہِمَا‌ۖ فَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ أَن تَعۡدِلُواْ‌ۚ وَإِن تَلۡوُ ۥۤاْ أَوۡ تُعۡرِضُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرً۬ا

O you who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah; even though it be against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, be he rich or poor, Allah is a Better Protector to both (than you). So follow not the lusts (of your hearts), lest you may avoid justice, and if you distort your witness or refuse to give it, verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquainted with what you do. [An-Nisaa. 135]

Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim [may Allah have mercy upon him] said:

Allah [Glorified be He and free is He from all imperfections] commanded His servants to stand out firmly for justice on behalf of everyone – be it an enemy or an ally, and the matter that is most worthy of being established with justice are the statements and methodology related to the commands of Allah as well as everything that Allah has (revealed in the Qur’an and the authentic Sunnah). Therefore, to establish these affairs based on desires and disobedience is contrary to Allah’s command and a negation (i.e. either intentionally or unintentionally) of that which Allah’s Messenger [peace and blessings of Allah be upon him] was sent with. The establishment of justice is the responsibility of those entrusted with the task of conveying Islam after the death of the Messenger, and this task cannot become a reality unless one establishes it based on pure justice and sincerity to Allah- (sincerity) based on Allah’s Book, to Allah’s Messenger (by adhering to his guidance), and sincere dealings and advice when dealing with Allah’s servants. These people are the true inheritors (i.e. inheritors of the knowledge left behind by the Prophets), but not that one who merely makes his companions, sect, and path the determinant of truth and the distinction between (truth and falsehood) by showing enmity to the one who opposes him and allies with the one who agrees with him, merely based on being opposed or agreed with [i.e. without sound proofs based on the Book and the authentic Sunnah], because where is that command to stand out firmly for justice on behalf of everyone, even though standing out firmly for justice is the greatest command and obligation!

Then Allah [The Exalted] says: [شُہَدَآءَ لِلَّهِ – As witnesses to Allah]:

A witness presents information about something; so if he presents credible information, he is a just witness and his (statement) is accepted; but if he gives false information, he is a false witness. Allah [The Exalted] commands us to stand out firmly as just witnesses for His sake, therefore it has to be carried out for the Sake of Allah and not for other than Allah. In [Surah Al-Ma’idah Ayah 8, Allah says]: [كُونُواْ قَوَّٲمِينَ لِلَّهِ شُہَدَآءَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ‌ۖ – Stand out firmly for Allah and be just witnesses]. This Ayah establishes four affairs: stand out firmly for justice and do so for the sake of Allah; witness to justice and do so for the Sake of Allah.

Then Allah [The Exalted] says: [وَلَوۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَوِ ٱلۡوَٲلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ‌ۚ – Even though it be against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin]. Allah [Glorified be He and free is He from all imperfections] commands us to stand out firmly for justice and testify, even if it were someone who is the most beloved person to us. A person should stand out firmly for justice (for or against) himself, his two parents, his close relatives, and his best friend among the people. If a person’s love for himself, his parents, and his relatives prevents him from standing out firmly for the truth against them, especially if the truth is with someone he hates and regards as an enemy due to them, then none would stand out firmly for justice in such circumstances except one whose love for Allah and His Messenger is more than their love for everyone else. Also, a person has to establish justice when dealing with his enemies and that one who deprives him of his rights because it is not permissible that hatred for his enemies leads him to be unjust towards them, just as it is not permissible that love of himself, his parents and relatives makes him abandon standing firmly for justice against them. Therefore, hatred harboured against someone should not lead him to falsehood, and love (of himself, parents, and relatives) should not make him fall short in establishing truth, just as one of the pious predecessors said, “The just person is that one who when angry, his anger does not lead him to falsehood, and when he is pleased it does not remove him from the truth”. The two Ayaat of the Qur’an [i.e. Surah An-Nisaa 135 and Surah Al-Maa’idah 8] convey two rulings and they are: standing out firmly for justice and making a truthful testimony on behalf of one’s allies and enemies.

Then Allah [The Exalted] says: [إِن يَكُنۡ غَنِيًّا أَوۡ فَقِيرً۬ا فَٱللَّهُ أَوۡلَىٰ بِہِمَا‌ۖ – Be he rich or poor, Allah is a Better Protector to both (than you)]- meaning, Allah is the Lord of both of them and their Protector, and they are both His servants. It may be that you become fearful of standing firmly for justice by testifying against a rich person or a poor person – either fearing that the rich person might lose his wealth or because the poor person has nothing, so your heart becomes lackadaisical about standing out firmly for the truth. Therefore, it should be said to them, “Allah is a better Protector of both the rich and poor person. Allah knows the affair of the rich person more than you and He is more Merciful to the poor than you, therefore, do not refrain from standing out firmly for the truth and from giving testimony (for or against) the rich or the poor.

Then Allah says: [فَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ ٱلۡهَوَىٰٓ أَن تَعۡدِلُواْ‌ۚ – So follow not the lusts (of your hearts), lest you may avoid justice]. Meaning, Allah forbids (His slaves) from following desires, which will lead them to abandon justice.

Then Allah [The Exalted] says: [وَإِن تَلۡوُ ۥۤاْ أَوۡ تُعۡرِضُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرً۬ا – and if you distort your witness or refuse to give it, verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquainted with what you do]- meaning, Allah [Glorified be He and free is He from all imperfections] mentions two reasons that will inevitably lead to concealment of truth then He warned against them and issued a threat: the first of them is distortion and the second is to turn away from giving truthful witness. That is because when a proof that supports the truth is manifested and the one who wants to repel it finds no way of doing so, he refrains from mentioning it and thus becomes a silent devil, and sometimes he distorts it. Distortion is of two types -distorting words and meanings. Distorting words occur when one utters a word in a context in which it does not establish the truth – either adding to the word, omitting something from it, or substituting it with something else to the extent that the listener is made to believe something, whilst something else is intended, just as the Yahood [i.e. those Yahood who disbelieved in the Prophet and hated him in Madeenah] used to distort words when giving Salaam to the Prophet [i.e. saying As-Saamu Alayka (death be upon you), instead of saying Assalaamu alaykum)]. This is one type of distortion. The second type of distortion is related to meanings – distorting the wording, giving it an interpretation that is not intended by the one who uttered it and pretending not to know its unintended meaning; or dropping other meanings intended by it.

Allah [The Exalted] says: [وَإِن تَلۡوُ ۥۤاْ أَوۡ تُعۡرِضُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرً۬ا – and if you distort your witness or refuse to give it, verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquainted with what you do].

When it is the case that a witness is required to bear witness based on what the affair should be [i.e. the complete truth], therefore neither should he hide nor change it. Turning away from the testimony is tantamount to concealment and distortion is tantamount to alteration and substitution. Therefore, contemplate this Ayah and the treasures of knowledge it contains. The faith of a person cannot be complete, except through accepting the texts of the Shariah and calling the people to them – neither turning away from them at times nor distorting them at other times.

An Excerpt from ‘Badaa’i At-Tafseer Al-Jaami Limaa Fassarahu Al-Imaam Ibn Al-Qayyim. Vol 1. Page 300-303