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It Is Not Permissible to Exalt The Innovators – [By Shaikh Saaleh Al-Fawzaan]

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Shaikh Saaleh Al-Fawzaan [may Allaah preserve him] said:

It is not permissible to exalt and praise the innovators even if they have some truth with them. That is because raising and praising them will spread their bidah and place them amongst the sincere ones-those who are taken as examples amongst distinguished men of this Ummah. The Salaf warned against having trust for the innovators, (warned against) praising them and their gatherings. In this regard, Asad Ibn Musa (rahimahullaah) wrote: ”Beware of being a brother of the innovator (by association) or a companion of his, or one whom you sit with; for indeed it has been narrated that ‘Whoever sits with a person of innovation has left the protection of Allaah and is entrusted to himself’.

The innovators must be warned against and kept away from even if they have some truth with them. Indeed, the most astray are not devoid of some truth, but as long as they have with them innovation, opposition and sinful views, it is not permissible to praise and exalt them. It is impermissible to not have an objection against their innovation because this spreads bidah, belittles the Sunnah and by way of this the innovator will emerge and become a guide for the Ummah.

As for giving consideration (to the fact) that the innovation has some truth, this does not justify praising him. This is -to a far greater extent- against what is of overriding benefit and it is known in relation to a principle in the religion that averting harm takes precedence over seeking that which is of benefit. And with regards to having hatred for the innovator, the harm that is averted from the Ummah is weightier than the benefit possessed by the innovator. And had we adhered to this concept (i.e. praising the innovator because he has some truth with him), then no one would have been judged to be misguided and declared an innovator. That is because there is not an innovator except that he has some truth and adherence to the Sunnah. The innovator (may) neither be a disbeliever nor be in opposition to all the Islamic legislation; rather he is either an innovator in some or most of the affairs. However, if the innovation is particularly related to affairs of Creed and Methodology, then the affair is dangerous indeed because it will become an example (to be followed); innovation will spread and the innovators will become active in spreading their innovation.

So, this person who praises the innovators and makes their affair obscure to the people -due to some truth they (i.e. innovators) have – is one of two (people): Either he is one ignorant of the methodology of the pious predecessors and their stance against the innovators, so neither is it permissible for this ignorant one to speak nor is it permissible for the Muslims to listen to him; or he is one who has an objection to the truth because he knows the danger of innovation and the innovators, but he wishes to spread innovations. Nevertheless, this is a dangerous affair and it is not permissible to be lackadaisical with regards to innovation and its people, whatever that may be.  [Source: An Excerpt from At-Tabdee Wat-Tafseeq Wat Takfeer. Page: 72-76. slightly paraphrased]

 

Those Who Embarked Upon The Stratagem of The Khawaarij, The Rawaafid, the Mutazilah And Jahmiyyah – [Sayyid Qutb And His Ilk]

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Shaikh Rabee Bin Haadi [may Allaah preserve him] said:

The political parties [or groups] emerged in this era [whilst] affected- to some extent- by the creed and methodologies of [the khawaarij]. And for this reason they do not give importance to [other affairs] besides politics. Neither do they give any concern to rectifying the situation of the Ummah though [sound] Creed and Knowledge nor do reflect upon [the affair about] returning the Ummah to the Book, the [authentic] Sunnah, and the piety and steadfastness the Salafus Saaleh were upon in every aspect of the Religion. Rather they [i.e. these political parties (or groups)] increase the Ummah in corruption upon corruption-in creed and manners. So, you see them giving allegiance to the people of Bidah and Misguidance; waging war against the people who [truly] follow the Qur’aan and the Sunnah, and the scholars [i.e. waging war against those scholars who truly adhere to the Qur’aan and the Sunnah].

They erect false objectives and  slogans for Ahlul Bidah Wad-Dalaalah [the people of Bidah and Misguidance] and their books; and amongst them [i.e. these people of bidah] are Sayyid Qutb and his followers – the one [i.e. Sayyid Qutub] who embark upon the stratagem of the Khawaarij, the Rawaafid, the Mu’tazilah and the Jahmiyyah in creed, methodology and politics; especially in the subject matter of Takfeer based on oppression and ignorance [i.e. he make Takfeer based on ignorance and oppression]. According to him all human societies are societies of Pre-Islamic ignorance and the Muslim Ummah is the severest in its apostasy and Pre-Islamic state of ignorance. Thereafter, the path of the Baatiniyyah was added to this [methodology of his, such] as assassinations, blowing up [buildings, people etc]. Then his followers attribute themselves to the Salafi Methodology based on a mighty plot against the [true, upright] leaders [of the Salafi Methodology].

[Therefore], when you come to know this, you will know that the Salafi Methodology is free from this [type] of Takfeer, and destruction; and you will know who the treacherous people are. If you know this, then it is tantamount to an act of manifest oppression when the Raafidah, the Secularists and Rationalists attribute [terrorist acts], [false] Takfeer and destruction to the Salafi Methodology. [An Excerpt from Shaikh Rabee’s Book Titled: (من هم الإرهابيون) pages 104-105. slightly paraphrased]

Also read article: A response to Western academics who categorise Salafis into Quietists, Politicos and Jihadists – and why this is a false categorisation. A response to Western academics who categorise Salafis into Quietists, Politicos and Jihadists – and why this is a false categorisation.

One of The Perils of Worship Based On Ignorance!

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Betower of Mercy.

Ibnul Qaasim [rahimahullaah] said: I heard Maalik [i.e. Imaam Maalik (rahimahullaah)] saying: “Indeed a people sought after the path of worship and abandoned knowledge, so they rebelled against the Ummah of Muhammad [sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam] with their swords [i.e. khawaarij]. And had they sought the means to [acquiring] knowledge [first], they would have been prevented from that [rebellion]”. [Miftaah Daarus Sa’aadah 1/392]

An Obstacle to Knowledge: [When The Young Ones Overstate Their Status And Cut Off People From The Scholars]

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

One of the obstacles that prevents people from knowledge is [when they] turn to the knowledge of the Asaaghir [the small ones] – and Allaah’s refuge is sought. And from the [minor] signs of the hour [i.e. the day of judgement] is that knowledge will be acquired from the young in age, who learn very little and thus considers himself an Aalim!

This person is young and a Miskeen [i.e. one lacking strength in the field of knowledge], but considers himself as one who has reached the highest level; so the ignoramuses come to him, gather around him and cut off from the scholars – and Allaah’s refuge is sought. This is one of the [minor] signs and portents of the hour, when the people abandon the senior scholars and embark upon acquiring knowledge from the ignorant young ones – those who pretend to be scholars. This is a calamity. Ibn Mas’ood [radiyallaahu-anhu] said: “The people will not cease to be upon good as long as they acquire knowledge from their elders, trustworthy ones and scholars.”

Contemplate on this statement, “And if they acquire knowledge from their young ones, they will be destroyed.” This is one of the obstacles and barriers to acquiring knowledge. It may be that some people desire knowledge, but he [i.e. an individual] becomes deceived by that young person and considers him to be the most knowledgeable of people. And had he gone to other than that young person, he would find that it is obligated on that young person to seek knowledge together with him, and sit down in the presence of the scholars. [Marhaban Yaa Taalibal Ilm’ – pages 227 – 228. slightly paraphrased].

Who Are The Asaaghir?

pdf-embedder url=https://salafidawahmanchester.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/SCL060005.pdf

Obstacles In The Path of Knowledge

http://www.salafipublications.com/sps/sp.cfm?secID=SCL&subsecID=SCL06&loadpage=displaysubsection.cfm

Whoever Supports Or Defends Terrorists Is an Accomplice in Their Crime Even If He Carried No Weapon!

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Shaikh Saaleh Al-Fawzaan [may Allaah preserve him] said:

Do not side with the people of Fitna, support, assist or defend them- because [that would necessitate] that you have shared in their [actions] if you defend them and consider their views to be correct, even if you did not come out alongside them [physically], then you have [still] shared in their sin, rebellion and transgression. Nowadays there are those who side with the people of Tafjeer and Takhreeb [i.e. those terrorists who detonate bombs to kill innocent civilians and cause destruction] and they call this jihaad in the path of Allah.  [Ref 1] They kill Muslims and the Mu’aahideen [i.e. those non-Muslims whose safety is guaranteed by way of a covenant] [Ref 2]. They cause destruction and terrify the Muslims, and they say, or those who support them say, ‘’This is jihaad in the path of Allah’’ and they defend them. These people [i.e. those who support the terrorists] are judged the same as the terrorists and Allaah’s refuge is sought- because they aid them and consider their views to be correct. There is great danger in this affair, because you [i.e. the one who supports terrorists] are considered as one who shares [their sins] even if you did not carry a weapon alongside them- due to the reason that you aid them and consider their views to be correct; rather what is even more serious is that you describe their actions as [acts of] Jihaad in the path of Allaah. [Ref 3]


Ref 1. With Which Intellect and Religion Can Suicide Bombings and Destruction Be Considered Jihaad? See here:

http://www.salafipublications.com/sps/sp.cfm?subsecID=MNJ14&articleID=MNJ140006&articlePages=1

Ref 2: Shaikh Ibn Uthaimeen on Interacting With Non-Muslims in Western Countries

http://www.salafipublications.com/sps/sp.cfm?subsecID=LSC01&articleID=LSC010001&articlePages=1

Ref 3: Jihaad In Our Times:

http://www.abukhadeejah.com/salafi-shaikh-fawzaan-on-jihaad-in-our-times-and-the-guidelines-of-jihaad-according-to-islam/

Plotted to Spread Kufr and Shirk In Egypt Through Wealth and Education- [A Foiled Plan of Khumeini’s Party – (The Shia Raafidah of Iran)]

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

The following article is an excerpt and paraphrase from a tremendous advice given by Al-Allaamah Rabee Bin Haadee Al-Madkhalee [may Allaah protect him and prolong his life upon goodness] to the people of Misr [Egypt]

To proceed: Recently Iran requested Cairo to send 20,000 Egyptian students to study in Tehran under the sponsorship of the Iranian government; O people of Misr (Egypt)-the government and the citizens! Do you know the goal behind this generous Iranian offer to receive twenty-thousand Egyptian students under the sponsorship of its government? The purpose of this offer is to convert this huge number into a dangerous raafidi army that will wage war against Misr [Egypt] in order to convert it into a raafidi state and society. This is an affair understood by even the one who has the least acquaintance with Khomeini’s plans and the eagerness of the raafidi revolutionaries-those abominable plans to take over the Muslim world and convert it into a raafidi (shiite) world. Its activities in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen and other countries [is nothing else], but for the purpose of implementing this raafidi goal.

Indeed, the successful one is that one who learns a lesson from what has happened to others! -Do you want Misr (Egypt) to be converted to a stronghold of the strongholds of Shiites- declaring the noble companions of the Prophet [sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam] to be disbelievers and falsely accusing them of hearsay? Do want Misr (Egypt) to be converted into a stronghold of the strongholds of Shiites-declaring Ahlus Sunnah and their former and later Imaams to be disbelievers? Do you want Misr [Egypt] to be from the rawaafid [shiites of Iran and others]-those who deify humans, so that they believe that the Imaams have mastery over everything of an atom’s weight in the existence? This is a type of ruthless disbelief and heinous polytheism which is even disdained by the Jews, Christians and the idol worshippers. The idol worshippers were asked who the creator of the heavens and the earth is; so they said: ‘’It is Allaah who created them.’’ And they were asked who the controller of the affairs of the creation is; so they said: ‘’Allaah is the controller of the affairs.’’ As for the raafidah (shiites of Iran and others), they say that their Imaams have control over everything of atom’s weight in the existence.

Here are some of their beliefs and views towards Ahlus Sunnah by the testimony of one who was affiliated to them and was from their scholars Sayyid Husain Al-Moosawee in his Book titled: Lil-laahi Thumma Li At-Taareekh page:83-92]- The author who left the shiite (raafidi) cult of disbelief and polytheism. He wrote: When we look into our important books, the statements of our jurists and those scholars who strive to reach verdicts, we find that Ahlus Sunnah are the only enemy of the shiite, and for this reason they give them descriptions and call them names. They call Ahlus Sunnah Nawaasib (i.e. those who hate Ali and the family of the Prophet). The creed of the shiite community (i.e. the rawaafid of Iran etc.) has not ceased to be that every individual amongst Ahlus Sunnah is degraded through his/her anus. When a shiite (raafidi) insults another shiite and wishes to be extremely harsh in insulting him, he says to him: ”Sunni bones in your father’s grave.” This is because of their view that the Sunni is impure to a degree that if he/she were to bath a thousand times the impurity will still not leave him/her. This is the creed of all the (rawaafid) shiite and indeed our jurists compare the Sunni to a disbeliever, a polytheist and a pig, and they declare the Sunni an impurity from the types of impurities.

And because of this shiites hold that it is obligatory to differ with Ahlus Sunnah. Sudooq narrated from Ali Bin Asbaat who said: I said to Ridaa,”The affair has become that I cannot find anyone with his understanding and there is none amongst your allies in the country I am living who can give me a verdict? So he said: Go to the jurist of the land and seek a verdict from him; and if he gives you a verdict, then adopt its opposite because that is where the truth lies. [Uyoon Akhbaarul Ridaa 1/275 Tehran]

Sayyid Nimatullaahi Al-Jazaa-iree said: Indeed, we do not unite with them (i.e. Ahlus Sunnah)—neither upon a god and a prophet nor an Imaam, and that is because they (Ahlus Sunnah) say that their Lord is the One whose Prophet Muhammad was succeeded as Khaleefah by Abu Bakr. We (i.e. shiites rawaafid) neither speak about this Lord nor this Prophet; rather we say: Our Lord is not the one Whose Prophet was succeeded by Abu-Bakr as Khaleefah nor is that our Prophet. [Al-Anwaar Al-Jazaa-iriyyah 2/278]

Indeed, the hatred harbored by the shiite (rawaafid) towards Ahlus Sunnah neither started today nor is it specified to particular eras, rather it is a profound hatred harbored towards Ahlus Sunnah of the first generation-they hate all the Sahaabah besides Abu Dhar, Miqdaad and Salmaan. And for this reason kulaynee reported from Abu Jafar who said: ”All the people became apostates after the death of the Prophet (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) except three people, namely: Al-Miqdaad Bin Al-Aswad, Salmaan Al-Faarisee and Abu Dhar Al-Ghiffaaree.” [Rawdatul Kaafee 8/46]

If we were to ask the Jews: ”who are the most virtuous people in your religion? They will say: ”Indeed, they are those who accompanied Moosaa (alayhis-salaam).” And if we were to ask the Christians: ”Who are the most virtuous people in your religion?” They will say: ”Indeed, it is those who aided Eesaa (alayhis-salaam).” And if we were to ask the shiites (rawaafid), ”who are the most evil people in your view and creed?” They will say: ”Indeed, it is the companions of Muhammad (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam).”

Indeed, the companions of Muhammad are mostly the ones who receive the most insults and curses of the shiite (rawaafid), particularly Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthmaan, and the two wives of the Prophet Aaisha and Hafsah. And for this reason it is found in a supplication of theirs called the supplication against the two idols of Quraish: ”O Allaah! Curse the two idols of Quraish Abu Bakr and Umar and their two Jibt and Taaghoot and two daughters [Aaisha and Hafsah]. [Note: Jibt and Taaghoot means false deities, satan, graves, stones, the sun, magicians, soothsayers or anything worshipped besides Allaah]. This supplication of the shiite (rawaafid) is recorded in their important books and khumeini used to supplicate with it every day after the Morning Prayer.

In the Iranian city of Kashan at a place called [باغي فين] [Baghi Fain] the shiite (rawaafid) visit a scene in which there is a tomb dedicated to Abu Lulu’a the (magian) murderer of the rightly guided khaleefah Umar Ibnul Khattaab (radiyallaahu-anhu). And on the walls of this tomb is written in Persian: ‘Death to Abu-Bakr; Death to Umar; Death to Uthmaan.’ This scene is visited by the Iranians and during their visit they give wealth and donations. I have seen this scene myself and the Iranian Ministry of guidance initiated its expansion and renovation.

Kulayni narrated from Abu Jafar who said: ”Indeed the two Shaikhs Abu-Bakr and Umar left this world and did not say what they did to the leader of the believers; so upon them is the curse of Allaah, the angels and all of mankind.” [Rawdatul kaafi 8/246]

Kulayni narrated:”Indeed all the people are children of fornication except those from our sect.” [Ar-rawdah 8/135]

The shiite (rawaafid) hold that Ahlus Sunnah are disbelievers and are worse than the Yahood and Nasaaraa. They hold that Ahlus Sunnah are children of prostitutes and it is obligatory to curse them, especially the first generation of Muslims [i.e. the companions of the Prophet (salal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) whom Allaah (The Most High) praised in the noble Qur’aan. The companions accompanied the Prophet (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) in his call to Islaam and during his battles, and this participation of theirs is a proof of their truthfulness and sincerity.

http://www.rabee.net/ar/articles.php?cat=8&id=235

Refutations Against The Deviants Causes Splitting Between the Muslims!!!

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Shaikh Rabee [may Allaah preserve him] responded to this above doubt, saying:

Indeed, refuting the people of error and bidah and defending the Sunnah is a praiseworthy affair, and it is legislated in the Islamic Sharee’ah. And with regards to this affair, the Imaams of Islaam undertook (the task of) criticising the people of error, the people of desires and the narrators of (hadeeth), and the Islamic books (i.e. the books of the scholars) are filled with that. Books of Jarh Wat-Tadeel (i.e. the science of disparagement and appraisal) were authored in general; specific ones were written regarding the trustworthy narrators and specific ones regarding disparagement, as a fulfilment of the obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil by the scholars and sincere advice to the Muslims, and a means of preserving the Islamic Religion. And indeed there a people – from the soofees and other than them- who are fed up with this great methodology- past and at present- so they (falsely) fling a number of shubuhaat  (i.e. statements that resemble some truth but are falsehood in reality) and  it has been spread to many people…[Source: An Excerpt from Juhoodul Allaamah Rabee Al-Madkhali Fee Naqdi Shubuhaatil Hizbiyyeen’ page 73.paraphrsed]

Demonstrations: [A Satanic Innovation and Satanic Methodology of Misguided Karl Marx And Vladimir Lenin]

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy

Al-Allaamah Zayd Bin Haadi Al-Madkhali [rahimahullaah] said:

Protests [or demonstrations] are newly invented matters in the religion. Every newly invented matter in the religion is a bidah; every bidah is misguidance and every misguidance is in the hell fire [i.e. is a path leading to the hell fire]. Allaah’s legislation is perfect and complete-based on The Book and The Sunnah-and we do not know of anything by way of the evidences in the Book and the Sunnah that makes it permissible for a handful of people to gather for demonstrations, which causes disturbance for the people and time wasting. And greater than this [disturbance and time wasting] is abandonment of the prayers [during protests] and the loss of life [i.e. murder]. If one was to kill a Muslim in a single protest, the one [or those] who called to such protests will carry his sins-be it an individual, a group or those who participate. It has been reported in an authentic hadeeth: The termination of the world means less to Allah than the killing of a Muslim [i.e. without right].[a] These protests are nothing but bidah and acts of misguidance advocated by shaytaan; [enticed] by the urge of the evil soul and desires. And these enemies [i.e. shaytaan, the urge of the evil soul and desires] do not come together in any affair except that the religion and worldly affairs are destroyed, just as it is the case in these demonstrations [or protests].

The end results of protests [or demonstrations]: Carnage, destruction, wastage of wealth and time and terrorising those living in peace. And how many disadvantages are there in [that]! It is enough to be considered something sinister due to the fact that the Noble Messengers and the Great Prophets who were put to trial and harmed by their people did not hold protests [or demonstrations]. Neither did they engage in plotting to cause explosions nor committing suicide; rather Islaam has forbidden all of that.

Those who call to protests [or demonstrations] and hold that there is success in it, they are mistaken and they have missed the correct path. Rectification of the affairs can only be by way of the Book and The Sunnah in accordance with the understanding of those scholars who are firmly grounded in knowledge. So whoever calls the people to this chaos, then indeed he has brought about a means to corrupting the land and the slaves, and what has occurred – in the past and at present- is a witness to that.

Therefore, we warn the students of knowledge that they are not persuaded by the speech of those who allow protests [or demonstrations]. They say that peaceful demonstrations are permissible-as they categorise it into this categorisation- without proofs and concrete evidence from the Book and the Sunnah- neither from the actions of the Messenger and the Noble Sahaabah nor from the Notable Imaams; rather the verdict on protests [or demonstrations] is only what has been stated earlier and as well as what has been written by other than myself [i.e. protests (or demonstrations) are not permissible] [Slightly paraphrased. Source: الأفنان وتوحيد ابن خزيمة وحديث عن المظاهرات4-4-1432هـ.]

Question to Shaikh Rabee Bin Haadi [hafidhahullaah]: Going out to demonstrations, [initiating] revolutions and nurturing the youth upon it; is this from the methodology of Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaa’ah or not, whether [carried] out within or outside the Muslim countries? Answer: This is the methodology of Marx (i.e. Carl Marx), Lenin (i.e. Vladimir Lenin) and those similar to them. It is not from the Islamic methodology. Revolutions, bloodshed, trials and troubles are Marx’s and Lenin’s school of thought. [Source:An excerpt from كشف الستار  Page: 18]


[a] Hadeeth declared authentic by Imaam Albaanee. Saheeh Al-Jaami 9208]

 

 

What Deviated Many Amongst Humankind From Their Sound Natural Disposition?!

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

The Messenger [sallal-laahu-alahi-wasallam] said that Allaah said:

إِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ كُلَّهُمْ ، وَإِنَّهُمْ أَتَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ ، وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ ، وَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوا بِي مَا لَمْ أُنْزِلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا

I have created all My slaves Hunafâ’ (with the inclination to worship Allah alone), but the devils come to them and turn them away from their religion (true path). They forbid to them that which I have permitted to them, and they tell them to associate others with Me for which I have not sent down any authority. [Reported by Imaam Muslim (rahimahullaah); Saheeh Muslim Chapter 16. Hadeeth Number: 2865]

Severe Warning Against Declaring Things Unlawful or Lawful Based on One’s Own Accord!

In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

Allaah [The Most High] said: [وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ الْكَذِبَ هَٰذَا حَلَالٌ وَهَٰذَا حَرَامٌ لِّتَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ – And say not concerning that which your tongues put forth falsely: “This is lawful and this is forbidden,” so as to invent lies against Allah. Verily, those who invent lies against Allah will never prosper. [16:116]

Imaam Sadi (rahimahullaah) said: Do not declare (this or that) to be unlawful and lawful on your own accord – lying and fabricating things against Allaah, and forging statements against Him (i.e. passing judgements or rulings that such and such is lawful or unlawful based on ignorance, guessing, assumptions, desires etc). [إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ – Verily, those who invent lies against Allah will never prosper]; neither (will they proper)  in this worldly life nor in the afterlife. [Source: Tayseer Al-Kareem al-Mannaan Fee Tafseer Kalaam al-Mannaan. Publisher Daar Ibn Hazm 1st Edition 1424AH (Year 2003). Abridged & slightly paraphrased]